{"id":2852,"date":"2022-01-11T09:25:28","date_gmt":"2022-01-11T09:25:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=2852"},"modified":"2022-01-11T09:25:28","modified_gmt":"2022-01-11T09:25:28","slug":"the-year-the-dream-died-revisiting-1968-america","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/uncategorized\/the-year-the-dream-died-revisiting-1968-america\/","title":{"rendered":"N\u0103m gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 l\u1ee5i t\u00e0n: Hoa K\u1ef3 n\u0103m 1968"},"content":{"rendered":"

N\u0103m Gi\u1ea5c M\u01a1 Ch\u1ebft: Nh\u00ecn L\u1ea1i N\u0103m 1968 \u1edf M\u1ef9<\/h2>\n\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc Ngo\u1eb7t L\u1ecbch S\u1eed<\/h2>\n\n

N\u0103m 1968 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u0103m \u0111\u00e3 m\u00e3i m\u00e3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9. T\u1eeb s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a Chi\u1ebfn tranh Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 \u00e1m s\u00e1t hai nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7y bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 phai m\u1edd trong l\u00f2ng qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/p>\n\n

M\u1ed9t Nh\u1ecbp Tr\u1ed1ng C\u1ee7a S\u1ef1 B\u1ea5t \u1ed4n<\/h2>\n\n

Trong su\u1ed1t n\u0103m 1968, n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb cu\u1ed1n v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0m rung chuy\u1ec3n n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Cu\u1ed9c T\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng T\u1ebft M\u1eadu Th\u00e2n \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea9y cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn l\u00ean nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec9nh cao m\u1edbi, trong khi c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i d\u1eady v\u00e0 b\u1ea1o lo\u1ea1n sinh vi\u00ean b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 kh\u1eafp c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00e1c v\u1ee5 \u00e1m s\u00e1t Martin Luther King Jr. v\u00e0 Robert Kennedy \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c, v\u00e0 Cu\u1ed9c H\u00e0nh H\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u1ebfn Washington \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 b\u1ecb g\u1ea1t ra ngo\u00e0i l\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00ean h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n

Vai Tr\u00f2 C\u1ee7a Truy\u1ec1n Th\u00f4ng<\/h2>\n\n

Truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 then ch\u1ed1t trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a n\u0103m 1968. B\u00e1o c\u00e1o n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a Walter Cronkite nghi ng\u1edd kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng trong Chi\u1ebfn tranh Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t trong d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn. B\u00eca t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Life mang t\u00ednh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t nh\u00ecn t\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 mong manh c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh tinh ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n

Bi\u00ean Ni\u00ean S\u1eed Ch\u00ednh Tr\u1ecb<\/h2>\n\n

Cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch \u201cN\u0103m Gi\u1ea5c M\u01a1 Ch\u1ebft\u201d c\u1ee7a Jules Witcover cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t bi\u00ean ni\u00ean s\u1eed ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 n\u0103m 1968. \u00d4ng t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch tranh c\u1eed t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea7y bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o phong tr\u00e0o d\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i d\u1eady c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean. Nh\u1eefng giai tho\u1ea1i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Witcover, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00fat ra t\u1eeb kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng khi c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00f3ng vi\u00ean tr\u1ebb, mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u00f4 gi\u00e1 v\u1ec1 n\u0103m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n

Bi\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ed9ng V\u0103n H\u00f3a<\/h2>\n\n

Trong khi Witcover ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a n\u0103m 1968, n\u0103m n\u00e0y c\u0169ng ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. Phong tr\u00e0o ph\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 Stanley Kubrick, Tiny Tim v\u00e0 Eldridge Cleaver n\u1ed5i l\u00ean nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i. Whole Earth Catalog v\u00e0 Soul on Ice tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch g\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u gi\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o ph\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c \u0111en.<\/p>\n\n

Quan \u0110i\u1ec3m C\u00e1 Nh\u00e2n<\/h2>\n\n

Witcover \u0111an xen nhi\u1ec1u quan \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh \u0111a s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. \u00d4ng ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 tr\u00edch d\u1eabn c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gia hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh b\u1edfi c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u0103m 1968, bao g\u1ed3m Ph\u00f3 T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Al Gore v\u00e0 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ea1 vi\u1ec7n Newt Gingrich. D\u00e0n h\u1ee3p x\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u0103m \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n

H\u1eadu Qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 Di S\u1ea3n<\/h2>\n\n

Trong ph\u1ea7n k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn, Witcover kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a n\u0103m 1968 v\u00e0 di s\u1ea3n l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. \u00d4ng \u0111\u1eb7t ra nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 \u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0 suy ng\u1eabm v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng “n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 kinh kh\u1ee7ng” c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. \u00d4ng l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i n\u0103m 1968 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i m\u00e0 n\u00f3 mang l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n

B\u00e0i H\u1ecdc T\u1eeb Qu\u00e1 Kh\u1ee9<\/h2>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a n\u0103m 1968 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng nguy c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 chia r\u1ebd v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft. Ch\u00fang c\u0169ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u00ean c\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a tinh th\u1ea7n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a n\u0103m 1968, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng h\u01a1n.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

N\u0103m Gi\u1ea5c M\u01a1 Ch\u1ebft: Nh\u00ecn L\u1ea1i N\u0103m 1968 \u1edf M\u1ef9 B\u01b0\u1edbc Ngo\u1eb7t L\u1ecbch S\u1eed N\u0103m 1968 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u0103m \u0111\u00e3 m\u00e3i m\u00e3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[3939,5630,489,3374,27,1879,63],"class_list":["post-2852","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-3939","tag-vietnam-war","tag-politics","tag-counterculture","tag-history","tag-civil-rights","tag-culture"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2852","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2852"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2852\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2853,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2852\/revisions\/2853"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2852"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2852"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2852"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}