{"id":2953,"date":"2026-01-07T20:58:12","date_gmt":"2026-01-07T20:58:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=2953"},"modified":"2026-01-07T20:58:12","modified_gmt":"2026-01-07T20:58:12","slug":"tonga-volcanic-eruption-more-powerful-than-atomic-bomb","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/earth-science\/tonga-volcanic-eruption-more-powerful-than-atomic-bomb\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u1ee5 phun tr\u00e0o Tonga 2022: M\u1ea1nh g\u1ea5p tr\u0103m l\u1ea7n bom Hiroshima"},"content":{"rendered":"

V\u1ee5 phun tr\u00e0o n\u00fai l\u1eeda \u1edf Tonga: M\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 bom nguy\u00ean t\u1eed<\/h2>\n\n

V\u1ee5 phun tr\u00e0o kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3<\/h3>\n\n

V\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 14 th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 2022, n\u00fai l\u1eeda Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha\u2019apai \u1edf Tonga \u0111\u00e3 phun tr\u00e0o v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng 4 \u0111\u1ebfn 18 megaton thu\u1ed1c n\u1ed5 TNT. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 n\u00e0y m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi qu\u1ea3 bom nguy\u00ean t\u1eed th\u1ea3 xu\u1ed1ng Hiroshima trong Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn Th\u1ee9 hai.<\/p>\n\n

\u1ea2nh v\u1ec7 tinh ph\u01a1i b\u00e0y s\u1ef1 t\u00e0n ph\u00e1<\/h3>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh v\u1ec7 tinh ch\u1ee5p sau v\u1ee5 phun tr\u00e0o cho th\u1ea5y t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e0n kh\u1ed1c l\u00ean h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00fai l\u1eeda. V\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 x\u00f3a s\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn di\u1ec7n t\u00edch h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a n\u00fai l\u1eeda ng\u1ea7m. V\u1ee5 phun tr\u00e0o c\u0169ng k\u00edch th\u00edch m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn s\u00f3ng th\u1ea7n kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng con s\u00f3ng cao t\u1edbi 15 m\u00e9t.<\/p>\n\n

V\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc: M\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t<\/h3>\n\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc tin r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa magma n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a v\u1ee5 phun tr\u00e0o. S\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u1eef d\u1ed9i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc. S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f4ng ph\u00eda tr\u00ean mi\u1ec7ng phun ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng th\u00eam s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5.<\/p>\n\n

Kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u1ee5 phun tr\u00e0o \u201cUltra Surtseyan\u201d<\/h3>\n\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 n\u00fai l\u1eeda h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean cho lo\u1ea1i phun tr\u00e0o n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u201cultra Surtseyan\u201d, do s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ef1c \u0111oan v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc. Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ee5 phun tr\u00e0o kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0 n\u00fai Pinatubo, k\u00e9o d\u00e0i h\u00e0ng gi\u1edd, v\u1ee5 phun tr\u00e0o \u1edf Tonga t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i ng\u1eafn, k\u00e9o d\u00e0i ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea7y m\u1ed9t gi\u1edd.<\/p>\n\n

T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00ed h\u1eadu v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe<\/h3>\n\n

C\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia kh\u00f4ng tin r\u1eb1ng v\u1ee5 phun tr\u00e0o \u1edf Tonga s\u1ebd g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Tonga \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi tro b\u1ee5i r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng, v\u00e0 ba ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ec7t m\u1ea1ng trong tr\u1eadn s\u00f3ng th\u1ea7n. Tro v\u00e0 h\u1ea1t kh\u00f3i \u0111\u1eb7t ra m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda cho s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, v\u00ec ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y vi\u00eam v\u00e0 t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00f4 tim v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5i, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 g\u00e2y k\u00edch \u1ee9ng m\u1eaft v\u00e0 da.<\/p>\n\n

C\u00e1c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee9u tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i<\/h3>\n\n

Do nguy c\u01a1 l\u00e2y lan COVID-19, Tonga \u0111\u00e3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee9u tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 H\u1ed9i Ch\u1eef th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecf, thay v\u00ec nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee9u tr\u1ee3 l\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch, th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 n\u01a1i tr\u00fa \u1ea9n cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi v\u1ee5 phun tr\u00e0o.<\/p>\n\n

L\u1eddi nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t<\/h3>\n\n

V\u1ee5 phun tr\u00e0o n\u00fai l\u1eeda \u1edf Tonga l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh to l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean. N\u00f3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c r\u1ee7i ro li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 phun tr\u00e0o n\u00fai l\u1eeda.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V\u1ee5 phun tr\u00e0o n\u00fai l\u1eeda \u1edf Tonga: M\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 bom nguy\u00ean t\u1eed V\u1ee5 phun tr\u00e0o kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 V\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 14 th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 2022, n\u00fai l\u1eeda Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha\u2019apai…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":25190,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[212],"tags":[1266,1265,5787,4300,5788],"class_list":["post-2953","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-earth-science","tag-eruption","tag-volcano","tag-steam-explosion","tag-tonga","tag-ultra-surtseyan"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2953","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2953"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2953\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":25191,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2953\/revisions\/25191"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/25190"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2953"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2953"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2953"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}