{"id":3033,"date":"2020-10-18T08:28:51","date_gmt":"2020-10-18T08:28:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=3033"},"modified":"2020-10-18T08:28:51","modified_gmt":"2020-10-18T08:28:51","slug":"the-hot-zone-uncovering-the-terrifying-world-of-deadly-viruses","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/life-sciences\/the-hot-zone-uncovering-the-terrifying-world-of-deadly-viruses\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u00f9ng n\u00f3ng: Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i virus ch\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi"},"content":{"rendered":"

V\u00f9ng n\u00f3ng: Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i virus ch\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/h2>\n\n

B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a virus<\/h2>\n\n

Virus l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ed \u1ea9n v\u00e0 g\u00e2y t\u1eed vong, \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt cho lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7. Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t nh\u1ecf g\u1ed3m v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t di truy\u1ec1n (RNA ho\u1eb7c DNA) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao b\u1ecdc b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp protein. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, nh\u01b0ng virus c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 \u1edf c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n

Virus Marburg v\u00e0 Ebola, thu\u1ed9c m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “virus h\u00ecnh s\u1ee3i”, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i virus g\u00e2y t\u1eed vong nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i virus n\u00e0y c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m cao v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra s\u1ed1t xu\u1ea5t huy\u1ebft nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn suy \u0111a c\u01a1 quan v\u00e0 t\u1eed vong.<\/p>\n\n

C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee3t b\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/h2>\n\n

\u0110\u1ee3t b\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t virus Marburg \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1967 t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ee9c. B\u1ea3y ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eed vong v\u00ec lo\u1ea1i virus n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng con kh\u1ec9 xanh ch\u00e2u Phi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u1eafc-xin.<\/p>\n\n

Virus Ebola l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf Sudan v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1976 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u01b0\u1edbp \u0111i sinh m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda s\u1ed1 n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n. Hai th\u00e1ng sau, m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7ng Ebola g\u00e2y t\u1eed vong h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng Zaire, l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m cho h\u01a1n 300 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft 90% trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n\n

\u0110\u1ee3t b\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t \u1edf Reston<\/h2>\n\n

N\u0103m 1989, virus Ebola m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa b\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t, l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u1edf m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e0n kh\u1ec9 ch\u00e2u Phi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nu\u00f4i nh\u1ed1t trong m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i ngo\u1ea1i \u00f4 \u1edf Reston, Virginia. Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 b\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba s\u1ef1 l\u00e2y lan c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i virus g\u00e2y t\u1eed vong n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n

Cu\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i cho th\u1ea5y ch\u1ee7ng Ebola Reston kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y t\u1eed vong cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 ch\u1ee7ng Zaire. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m cao v\u00e0 g\u00e2y ra m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n

Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u1ec7nh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec5m c\u1ee7a Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Hoa K\u1ef3 (USAMRIID) \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb cho virus Ebola. H\u1ecd ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng lo\u1ea1i virus n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n qua ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi d\u1ecbch c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec7nh ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u1ecb \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m.<\/p>\n\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u0169ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng virus Ebola c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn nhanh ch\u00f3ng, khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u1eafc-xin v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n.<\/p>\n\n

M\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc tin r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i virus g\u00e2y t\u1eed vong nh\u01b0 Ebola v\u00e0 Marburg c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o c\u00e1c khu r\u1eebng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i virus n\u00e0y t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong lo\u00e0i d\u01a1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c s\u1ed1ng trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n

Khi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1eb7t ph\u00e1 r\u1eebng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac g\u1ea7n h\u01a1n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt n\u00e0y, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n virus.<\/p>\n\n

T\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee3t b\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t virus<\/h2>\n\n

M\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee3t b\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t virus trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i lo ng\u1ea1i ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng gia t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 quan ch\u1ee9c y t\u1ebf c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng. Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, n\u1ea1n ph\u00e1 r\u1eebng v\u00e0 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u00f3a l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i virus m\u1edbi v\u00e0 g\u00e2y t\u1eed vong h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111ang n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u1eafc-xin v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb m\u1edbi cho c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh do virus g\u00e2y ra. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng \u0111ang nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a virus trong h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i v\u00e0 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee3t b\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/h2>\n\n

Trong \u0111\u1ee3t b\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t Ebola \u1edf Reston, qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho l\u00e0 phi \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 ph\u1edbt l\u1edd lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeba b\u00e1o ch\u00ed. Nh\u1eefng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eb1m ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n lo\u1ea1i virus n\u00e0y v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee3t b\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00fang \u0111\u1eb7t ra nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa an to\u00e0n c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n trong m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n\n

K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n\n

Virus l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 g\u00e2y t\u1eed vong, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00edch nghi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn nhanh ch\u00f3ng. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111ang n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i virus n\u00e0y v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh m\u00e0 ch\u00fang g\u00e2y ra.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V\u00f9ng n\u00f3ng: Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i virus ch\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a virus Virus l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ed \u1ea9n v\u00e0 g\u00e2y t\u1eed vong, \u0111\u00e3…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[762],"tags":[5916,5919,5917,5918,178,5915,5832],"class_list":["post-3033","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-life-sciences","tag-ebola","tag-viral-outbreaks","tag-marburg","tag-rainforest-ecology","tag-public-health","tag-deadly-viruses","tag-virology"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3033","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3033"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3033\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3034,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3033\/revisions\/3034"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3033"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3033"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3033"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}