{"id":3044,"date":"2022-04-23T19:12:48","date_gmt":"2022-04-23T19:12:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=3044"},"modified":"2022-04-23T19:12:48","modified_gmt":"2022-04-23T19:12:48","slug":"the-secret-language-of-hands-in-indian-iconography","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/art\/indian-art\/the-secret-language-of-hands-in-indian-iconography\/","title":{"rendered":"Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef b\u00ed \u1ea9n c\u1ee7a b\u00e0n tay trong ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef b\u00ed \u1ea9n c\u1ee7a b\u00e0n tay trong bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o<\/h2>\n\n

H\u00e9 l\u1ed9 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u1eed ch\u1ec9 c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a<\/h2>\n\n

Bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kho t\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng mudra, hay c\u1eed ch\u1ec9 tay. Mudra truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c cung b\u1eadc c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m t\u00e2m linh, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9, t\u1eeb c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc v\u00e0 tranh v\u1ebd c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt l\u1ecbch hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n

Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 Mudra: Ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9<\/h2>\n\n

\u0110\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao s\u1ef1 phong ph\u00fa c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef mudra. Nh\u1eefng c\u1eed ch\u1ec9 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 trang tr\u00ed; ch\u00fang l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u0103n h\u00f3a. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1eb1ng sau nh\u1eefng c\u1eed ch\u1ec9 tay n\u00e0y, du kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng t\u00e2m linh \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 di s\u1ea3n ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng Mudra ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang<\/h2>\n\n

1. Mudra nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc (Chin\/Vitarka Mudra)<\/h2>\n\n

C\u1eed ch\u1ec9 n\u00e0y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u1ea1m ng\u00f3n tay c\u00e1i v\u00e0 ng\u00f3n tr\u1ecf v\u00e0o nhau, t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho s\u1ef1 ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 suy ng\u1eabm. N\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c yogi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khi h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 b\u1edfi c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 Shiva khi truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7.<\/p>\n\n

2. Mudra kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i (Abhaya Mudra)<\/h2>\n\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0n tay dang r\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi l\u00f2ng b\u00e0n tay h\u01b0\u1edbng ra ngo\u00e0i, mudra n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 an t\u00e2m. N\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y trong c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 n\u1eef th\u1ea7n Durga c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Hindu, ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 xoa d\u1ecbu n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i v\u00e0 ban ph\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n\n

3. Mudra t\u1ecf l\u00f2ng t\u00f4n k\u00ednh (Namaskara Mudra)<\/h2>\n\n

\u0110\u00e2y c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 mudra d\u1ec5 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft nh\u1ea5t trong v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. N\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c ch\u1eafp hai l\u00f2ng b\u00e0n tay tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ef1c v\u00e0 h\u01a1i c\u00fai \u0111\u1ea7u. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi ch\u00e0o tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng, m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n k\u00ednh v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf l\u00f2ng bi\u1ebft \u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n

4. Mudra ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ea5t (Bhumisparsha Mudra)<\/h2>\n\n

Mudra n\u00e0y, trong \u0111\u00f3 b\u00e0n tay ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ea5t, g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho s\u1ef1 v\u1eefng ch\u00e3i, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n

5. Mudra thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh (Dhyana Mudra)<\/h2>\n\n

T\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng n\u00e0y, v\u1edbi hai b\u00e0n tay \u0111\u1eb7t \u00fap l\u00ean tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f9i, t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho s\u1ef1 chi\u00eam nghi\u1ec7m s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u0129nh l\u1eb7ng b\u00ean trong. N\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 trong c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 yogi \u0111ang h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n\n

6. Mudra ng\u00f3n tr\u1ecf (Tarjani Mudra)<\/h2>\n\n

C\u1eed ch\u1ec9 n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng b\u1edfi ng\u00f3n tr\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u01a1 l\u00ean, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o ho\u1eb7c khuy\u00ean r\u0103n. N\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y trong bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n h\u1ed9 m\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u1eef th\u1ea7n d\u1eef t\u1ee3n nh\u01b0 Durga v\u00e0 Kali.<\/p>\n\n

7. Mudra ban t\u1eb7ng (Varada Mudra)<\/h2>\n\n

C\u1eed ch\u1ec9 n\u00e0y, v\u1edbi l\u00f2ng b\u00e0n tay h\u01b0\u1edbng ra ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u00f3n tay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c du\u1ed7i th\u1eb3ng, t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho s\u1ef1 h\u00e0o ph\u00f3ng v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng tr\u1eafc \u1ea9n. N\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 trong c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n Hindu nh\u01b0 Lakshmi, n\u1eef th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n

Mudra trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y<\/h2>\n\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 mudra th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 t\u00e2m linh, ch\u00fang c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan s\u00e1t k\u1ef9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u1eed ch\u1ec9 c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a n\u00e0y trong ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, t\u1eeb t\u00e0i x\u1ebf xe t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed3i b\u00e0n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tu s\u0129 \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd. Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u tinh t\u1ebf n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c s\u1eafc th\u00e1i v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9.<\/p>\n\n

K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n\n

Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef b\u00ed \u1ea9n c\u1ee7a b\u00e0n tay trong bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn v\u00e0 \u0111a di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a phong ph\u00fa c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1eb1ng sau nh\u1eefng c\u1eed ch\u1ec9 c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a n\u00e0y, du kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf kh\u00f3a s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng t\u00e2m linh, bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef b\u00ed \u1ea9n c\u1ee7a b\u00e0n tay trong bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o H\u00e9 l\u1ed9 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u1eed ch\u1ec9 c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a Bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5939],"tags":[5935,5933,5938,5934,5936,96,193,5937],"class_list":["post-3044","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-indian-art","tag-hinduism","tag-mudras","tag-indian-culture","tag-indian-iconography","tag-jainism","tag-buddhism","tag-symbolism","tag-meaning"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3044","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3044"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3044\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3045,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3044\/revisions\/3045"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3044"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3044"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3044"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}