{"id":3102,"date":"2024-07-25T16:06:17","date_gmt":"2024-07-25T16:06:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=3102"},"modified":"2024-07-25T16:06:17","modified_gmt":"2024-07-25T16:06:17","slug":"thermopylae-battlefield-of-legends-and-saboteurs","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/uncategorized\/thermopylae-battlefield-of-legends-and-saboteurs\/","title":{"rendered":"Thermopylae: Huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i"},"content":{"rendered":"

Thermopylae: Chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i<\/h2>\n\n

T\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a Thermopylae<\/h2>\n\n

Thermopylae, m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u00e8o h\u1eb9p n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean v\u1ecbnh Malian c\u1ee7a Hy L\u1ea1p, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 then ch\u1ed1t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1. T\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a con \u0111\u00e8o n\u00e0y n\u1eb1m \u1edf kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t quy\u1ec1n ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c c\u1ea3ng quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ecba Trung H\u1ea3i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a Hy L\u1ea1p.<\/p>\n\n

Tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn Thermopylae th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i<\/h2>\n\n

N\u0103m 480 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, vua Leonidas v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n g\u1ed3m 300 chi\u1ebfn binh Sparta huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng t\u1ea1i Thermopylae \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Ba T\u01b0 \u0111ang x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 b\u1ecb \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea3o v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, qu\u00e2n Sparta \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ed1ng tr\u1ea3 qu\u00e2n Ba T\u01b0 trong nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0y, t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Thermopylae \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf cho m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n

Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 II<\/h2>\n\n

G\u1ea7n 2.500 n\u0103m sau, Thermopylae m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh cho m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 t\u00e1o b\u1ea1o. V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1943, nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i thu\u1ed9c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Anh do chu\u1ea9n t\u01b0\u1edbng Eddie Myers ch\u1ec9 huy \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea3y d\u00f9 xu\u1ed1ng Hy L\u1ea1p do phe Tr\u1ee5c chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb th\u00f9.<\/p>\n\n

M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau: C\u1ea7u v\u01b0\u1ee3t Asopos<\/h2>\n\n

M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i l\u00e0 c\u1ea7u v\u01b0\u1ee3t Asopos, m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft quan tr\u1ecdng d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray qua m\u1ed9t h\u1ebbm n\u00fai s\u00e2u. C\u00e2y c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e2n \u0110\u1ee9c canh g\u00e1c nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t, khi\u1ebfn cho m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng tr\u1ef1c di\u1ec7n tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n

Tr\u00e8o xu\u1ed1ng h\u1ebbm n\u00fai Asopos<\/h2>\n\n

Nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng t\u00ednh b\u00ed m\u1eadt l\u00e0 t\u1ed1i quan tr\u1ecdng, nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch tr\u00e8o xu\u1ed1ng h\u1ebbm n\u00fai Asopos hi\u1ec3m tr\u1edf, m\u1ed9t khe n\u00fai h\u1eb9p v\u00e0 b\u0103ng gi\u00e1 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1eeda sau c\u1ee7a c\u1ea7u v\u01b0\u1ee3t. H\u1ebbm n\u00fai r\u1ea5t nguy hi\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 “ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3” tr\u00e8o xu\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n

V\u01b0\u1ee3t qua th\u1eed th\u00e1ch<\/h2>\n\n

B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c to l\u1edbn, nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean. H\u1ecd l\u1ed9i qua d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng, \u0111u d\u00e2y xu\u1ed1ng th\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 d\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y c\u1ea7u d\u00e2y th\u1eebng t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi. S\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua nh\u1eefng tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1eebng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua.<\/p>\n\n

Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y<\/h2>\n\n

Khi nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e2n h\u1ebbm n\u00fai, h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 di chuy\u1ec3n thu\u1ed1c n\u1ed5 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ebf kh\u00e1c v\u00e0o v\u1ecb tr\u00ed. H\u1ecd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng v\u1ec1 d\u00e2y th\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef cho thu\u1ed1c n\u1ed5 kh\u00f4 r\u00e1o v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n\n

Cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/h2>\n\n

V\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 19 th\u00e1ng 6 n\u0103m 1943, nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ebbn ra kh\u1ecfi h\u1ebbm n\u00fai v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eb7t thu\u1ed1c n\u1ed5 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ee1 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y c\u1ea7u. Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong m\u00e0n \u0111\u00eam, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i thu\u1ed1c n\u1ed5 v\u00e0o b\u1ed1n tr\u1ee5 c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 th\u00eam ng\u00f2i n\u1ed5 h\u1eb9n gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o k\u00edch n\u1ed5.<\/p>\n\n

Th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/h2>\n\n

V\u00e0o n\u1eeda \u0111\u00eam, c\u00e1c ng\u00f2i n\u1ed5 h\u1eb9n gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y, t\u1ea1o cho nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i 90 ph\u00fat \u0111\u1ec3 r\u00fat lui \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch an to\u00e0n. Thu\u1ed1c n\u1ed5 ph\u00e1t n\u1ed5 v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfng n\u1ed5 ch\u00f3i tai, l\u00e0m s\u1eadp nh\u1ecbp c\u1ea7u trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a c\u1ea7u v\u01b0\u1ee3t xu\u1ed1ng h\u1ebbm n\u00fai.<\/p>\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y c\u1ea7u v\u01b0\u1ee3t Asopos \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 cho c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a phe Tr\u1ee5c v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i m\u1edf tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft trong b\u1ed1n th\u00e1ng. Th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong cu\u1ed9c x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c Sicily c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n \u0110\u1ed3ng minh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u \u00c2u.<\/p>\n\n

Di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Thermopylae<\/h2>\n\n

Thermopylae \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn trong su\u1ed1t chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, khi\u1ebfn n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ec7nh danh l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eabm m\u00e1u. Cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Leonidas v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i t\u00e1o b\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Eddie Myers c\u00f9ng nh\u00f3m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 minh ch\u1ee9ng cho t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a con \u0111\u00e8o h\u1eb9p n\u00e0y v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n b\u1ea5t khu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u \u1edf \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Thermopylae: Chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i T\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a Thermopylae Thermopylae, m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u00e8o h\u1eb9p n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean v\u1ecbnh Malian c\u1ee7a Hy…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":23936,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[6036,6038,6035,6037,82,1242,6034,56,6032,6033],"class_list":["post-3102","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-asopos-viaduct","tag-explosives","tag-british-special-operations-executive","tag-asopos-gorge","tag-engineering","tag-military-history","tag-sabotage","tag-world-war-ii","tag-thermopylae","tag-battle"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3102","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3102"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3102\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3103,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3102\/revisions\/3103"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23936"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3102"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3102"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3102"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}