{"id":3112,"date":"2022-10-18T20:00:20","date_gmt":"2022-10-18T20:00:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=3112"},"modified":"2022-10-18T20:00:20","modified_gmt":"2022-10-18T20:00:20","slug":"real-life-body-snatchers-parasites-that-manipulate-animal-behavior","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/biology\/real-life-body-snatchers-parasites-that-manipulate-animal-behavior\/","title":{"rendered":"K\u00fd sinh tr\u00f9ng thao t\u00fang h\u00e0nh vi v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7: K\u1ebb c\u01b0\u1edbp c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ef1c"},"content":{"rendered":"

K\u00fd sinh tr\u00f9ng thao t\u00fang h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7: K\u1ebb c\u01b0\u1edbp c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ef1c<\/h2>\n\n

K\u00fd sinh tr\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 c\u00f3 trong phim khoa h\u1ecdc vi\u1ec5n t\u01b0\u1edfng; ch\u00fang l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng sinh v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 k\u00fd sinh tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7, t\u1eeb chu\u1ed9t v\u00e0 d\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbm \u0111\u00eam. Nh\u1eefng k\u00fd sinh tr\u00f9ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c tinh vi \u0111\u1ec3 thao t\u00fang h\u00e0nh vi v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7, th\u01b0\u1eddng theo nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3 v\u00e0 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n

K\u00fd sinh tr\u00f9ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i ngo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7<\/h2>\n\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 k\u00fd sinh tr\u00f9ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i ngo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt s\u0103n m\u1ed3i ho\u1eb7c \u00edt b\u1ecb ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n h\u01a1n. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt nguy\u00ean sinh k\u00fd sinh Toxoplasma gondii, sinh s\u1ea3n b\u00ean trong ru\u1ed9t m\u00e8o, khi\u1ebfn chu\u1ed9t m\u1ea5t \u0111i n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ec3u m\u00e8o. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ch\u00fang tr\u1edf n\u00ean b\u1ecb h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c b\u1edfi m\u00f9i n\u00e0y, khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh con m\u1ed3i d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng cho m\u00e8o.<\/p>\n\n

K\u00fd sinh tr\u00f9ng chi\u1ebfm quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t h\u1ec7 th\u1ea7n kinh c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7<\/h2>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng k\u00fd sinh tr\u00f9ng kh\u00e1c chi\u1ebfm quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t h\u1ec7 th\u1ea7n kinh c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7, bu\u1ed9c ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng theo c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho k\u00fd sinh tr\u00f9ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, giun ch\u1ec9 Paragordius tricuspidatus l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m d\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c protein khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang b\u1ecb thu h\u00fat b\u1edfi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ch\u00f3i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng con d\u1ebf lao xu\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, n\u01a1i giun ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 sinh s\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n\n

K\u00fd sinh tr\u00f9ng thay th\u1ebf c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7<\/h2>\n\n

Trong m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p k\u00fd sinh th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c, lo\u00e0i gi\u00e1p x\u00e1c Cymothoa exigua x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o mi\u1ec7ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 m\u00fa v\u00e0 thay th\u1ebf l\u01b0\u1ee1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. K\u00fd sinh tr\u00f9ng b\u00e1m v\u00e0o g\u1ed1c l\u01b0\u1ee1i c\u00e1 v\u00e0 h\u00fat m\u00e1u, khi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee1i teo \u0111i. Khi k\u00fd sinh tr\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u1eadt thay th\u1ebf ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng cho l\u01b0\u1ee1i, cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0103n.<\/p>\n\n

Ong b\u1eafp c\u00e0y k\u00fd sinh v\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang<\/h2>\n\n

Ong b\u1eafp c\u00e0y k\u00fd sinh \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a nhi\u1ec1u chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 thao t\u00fang v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i ong b\u1eafp c\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebb tr\u1ee9ng b\u00ean trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 s\u00e2u b\u01b0\u1edbm, n\u01a1i \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u0103n c\u00e1c m\u00f4 c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7. Khi l\u1edbn l\u00ean, \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng c\u00e1c h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a s\u00e2u b\u01b0\u1edbm, khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1i k\u00e9n m\u00e0 \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng nh\u1ea3 t\u01a1.<\/p>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i ong b\u1eafp c\u00e0y kh\u00e1c l\u00e0m t\u00ea li\u1ec7t v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebb tr\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ch\u00fang. \u1ea4u tr\u00f9ng n\u1edf ra t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng qu\u1ea3 tr\u1ee9ng n\u00e0y \u0103n m\u00e1u v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u1ebft, nh\u1ec7n v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7 d\u1ec7t m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi n\u00e0o m\u00e0 ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1o ra, t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng an to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng ong b\u1eafp c\u00e0y ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n\n

Gi\u00e1p x\u00e1c b\u00e1m v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn cua th\u00e0nh m\u1eb9 thay th\u1ebf<\/h2>\n\n

Gi\u00e1p x\u00e1c b\u00e1m k\u00fd sinh Sacculina carcini x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o cua v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang th\u00e0nh m\u1eb9 thay th\u1ebf. Gi\u00e1p x\u00e1c b\u00e1m b\u00e1m v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t kh\u1edbp tr\u00ean mai c\u1ee7a cua v\u00e0 g\u1eedi tua v\u00e0o b\u00ean trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 cua, n\u01a1i n\u00f3 l\u1ea5y c\u1eafp ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u1eeb m\u00e1u cua. Gi\u00e1p x\u00e1c b\u00e1m c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng c\u00e1c h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m v\u00f4 sinh cua v\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn cua ch\u0103m s\u00f3c tr\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1p x\u00e1c b\u00e1m nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 tr\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n

Giun \u0111\u1ea7u gai khi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt gi\u00e1p x\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng<\/h2>\n\n

Giun \u0111\u1ea7u gai Polymorphus paradoxus l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt gi\u00e1p x\u00e1c v\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang b\u1ecb thu h\u00fat b\u1edfi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng. H\u00e0nh vi n\u00e0y c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho giun v\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt gi\u00e1p x\u00e1c b\u1ecb v\u1ecbt \u0103n th\u1ecbt, m\u00e0 v\u1ecbt l\u00e0 v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7 ti\u1ebfp theo c\u1ee7a giun.<\/p>\n\n

\u1ea4u tr\u00f9ng ru\u1ed3i k\u00fd sinh bi\u1ebfn b\u1ecd r\u00f9a th\u00e0nh v\u1ec7 s\u0129<\/h2>\n\n

Ong b\u1eafp c\u00e0y k\u00fd sinh Dinocampus coccinellae \u0111\u1ebb tr\u1ee9ng b\u00ean trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecd r\u00f9a. \u1ea4u tr\u00f9ng ong b\u1eafp c\u00e0y n\u1edf ra v\u00e0 \u0103n c\u00e1c m\u00f4 c\u1ee7a b\u1ecd r\u00f9a. Khi l\u1edbn l\u00ean, ch\u00fang gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng n\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed9c l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a b\u1ecd r\u00f9a, khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1i k\u00e9n m\u00e0 \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng nh\u1ea3 t\u01a1. Sau khi ong b\u1eafp c\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh chui ra kh\u1ecfi k\u00e9n, b\u1ecd r\u00f9a th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ed3i ph\u1ee5c sau ch\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u01b0ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng sinh s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ong b\u1eafp c\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m.<\/p>\n\n

S\u00e1n l\u00e1 gan v\u00e0 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi \u0111a v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang<\/h2>\n\n

S\u00e1n l\u00e1 gan l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i k\u00fd sinh tr\u00f9ng c\u00f3 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ba v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7 kh\u00e1c nhau: \u1ed1c s\u00ean, ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 b\u00f2. Tr\u1ee9ng s\u00e1n l\u00e1 gan b\u1ecb \u1ed1c s\u00ean \u0103n, \u1ed1c s\u00ean ti\u1ebft ra ch\u1ea5t nh\u1eddn \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaby \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng. \u1ea4u tr\u00f9ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi \u1ed1c s\u00ean v\u00e0 b\u1ecb ki\u1ebfn \u0103n. B\u00ean trong ki\u1ebfn, \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 di chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 h\u00e0m c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn. Sau \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang thao t\u00fang h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn, khi\u1ebfn ki\u1ebfn tr\u00e8o l\u00ean ng\u1ecdn c\u1ecf v\u00e0 c\u1eafn xu\u1ed1ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ebfn b\u1ecb b\u00f2 \u0103n th\u1ecbt, m\u00e0 b\u00f2 l\u00e0 v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a s\u00e1n l\u00e1 gan.<\/p>\n\n

Giun d\u1eb9t k\u00fd sinh ng\u1ee5y trang \u1ed1c s\u00ean th\u00e0nh s\u00e2u b\u01b0\u1edbm<\/h2>\n\n

Giun d\u1eb9t k\u00fd sinh Leucochloridium paradoxum l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m \u1ed1c s\u00ean v\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c x\u00fac tu m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang tr\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng con s\u00e2u b\u01b0\u1edbm m\u1ecdng n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y thu h\u00fat chim, chim \u0103n \u1ed1c s\u00ean v\u00e0 b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m giun d\u1eb9t. B\u00ean trong chim, giun d\u1eb9t sinh s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra tr\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3i ra ngo\u00e0i qua ph\u00e2n chim.<\/p>\n\n

Ph\u1ea7n k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n\n

K\u00fd sinh tr\u00f9ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng sinh v\u1eadt h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3 \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a nhi\u1ec1u chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 thao t\u00fang h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7. Nh\u1eefng k\u00fd sinh tr\u00f9ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang l\u00e0 minh ch\u1ee9ng cho s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

K\u00fd sinh tr\u00f9ng thao t\u00fang h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7: K\u1ebb c\u01b0\u1edbp c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ef1c K\u00fd sinh tr\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 c\u00f3 trong phim khoa h\u1ecdc vi\u1ec5n…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[288],"tags":[2324,309,97,3489,252],"class_list":["post-3112","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-biology","tag-manipulation","tag-animal-behavior","tag-science","tag-parasites","tag-nature"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3112","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3112"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3112\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3113,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3112\/revisions\/3113"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3112"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3112"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3112"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}