{"id":3194,"date":"2024-03-20T07:23:18","date_gmt":"2024-03-20T07:23:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=3194"},"modified":"2024-03-20T07:23:18","modified_gmt":"2024-03-20T07:23:18","slug":"edith-windsor-trailblazing-lgbtq-rights-activist","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/life\/lgbtq-history\/edith-windsor-trailblazing-lgbtq-rights-activist\/","title":{"rendered":"Edith Windsor: Bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea5u tranh cho quy\u1ec1n LGBTQ+"},"content":{"rendered":"

Edith Windsor: Nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00ean phong v\u00ec quy\u1ec1n LGBTQ<\/h2>\n\n

Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p th\u1eddi th\u01a1 \u1ea5u<\/h2>\n\n

Edith Windsor, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea5t khu\u1ea5t, sinh n\u0103m 1929. H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00ec quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ednh b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n t\u00ecnh y\u00eau. V\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960, khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u1edf New York, b\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p nh\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng Thea Spyer. T\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd n\u1ea3y n\u1edf trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i m\u00e0 c\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n

S\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/h2>\n\n

Cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea1o lo\u1ea1n Stonewall n\u0103m 1969 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Windsor v\u00e0 Spyer. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i, tham gia c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c di\u1ec5u h\u00e0nh t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o v\u00e0 tham gia c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c LGBTQ. Windsor ngh\u1ec9 h\u01b0u s\u1edbm kh\u1ecfi IBM v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1975 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh cho c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00ec quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n\n

Cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p l\u00fd ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i DOMA<\/h2>\n\n

N\u0103m 1977, Spyer \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh \u0111a x\u01a1 c\u1ee9ng. Khi s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 suy gi\u1ea3m, h\u1ecd quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ebfn Toronto, Canada v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2007 \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft h\u00f4n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi Spyer qua \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng l\u00e2u sau \u0111\u00f3, Windsor ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u00fa s\u1ed1c l\u1edbn. B\u00e0 bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 363.000 \u0111\u00f4 la ti\u1ec1n thu\u1ebf b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a li\u00ean bang, m\u1ed9t g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng m\u00e0 b\u00e0 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t n\u1ebfu k\u1ebft h\u00f4n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n

S\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn Windsor th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 H\u00f4n nh\u00e2n (DOMA), m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c c\u1eb7p \u0111\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng \u1edf c\u1ea5p li\u00ean bang. V\u00e0o n\u0103m 2013, T\u00f2a \u00e1n T\u1ed1i cao \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho b\u00e0, l\u1eadt ng\u01b0\u1ee3c DOMA trong m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng mang t\u00ednh b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t cho quy\u1ec1n LGBTQ.<\/p>\n\n

T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1edbi<\/h2>\n\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft DOMA kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp quy\u1ec1n hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1edbi, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a \u00e1n T\u1ed1i cao n\u0103m 2015 h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p h\u00f3a c\u00e1c li\u00ean minh \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1edbi tr\u00ean to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c. S\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng c\u1ee7a Windsor \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n

Di s\u1ea3n v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng LGBTQ<\/h2>\n\n

\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Windsor v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa ph\u00f2ng x\u1eed \u00e1n. B\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a hy v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng LGBTQ. T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Barack Obama \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00fac m\u1eebng b\u00e0 v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft DOMA v\u00e0 b\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u00e1 qu\u00e2n cho danh hi\u1ec7u “Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a n\u0103m” c\u1ee7a t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed TIME v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2013.<\/p>\n\n

Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/h2>\n\n

Cu\u1ed9c h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Windsor v\u1edbi Spyer l\u00e0 minh ch\u1ee9ng cho cam k\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng. C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ki\u00ean c\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m th\u00e1ng cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi, Windsor \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf l\u00f2ng bi\u1ebft \u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh m\u00e0 b\u00e0 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c: “T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c t\u00ecnh v\u1edbi c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ednh. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u l\u00e1 th\u01b0. T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 Thea s\u1ebd th\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3”.<\/p>\n\n

Di s\u1ea3n ti\u00ean phong c\u1ee7a Edith Windsor<\/h2>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a Edith Windsor cho phong tr\u00e0o quy\u1ec1n LGBTQ l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111ong \u0111\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p l\u00fd c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i DOMA, s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n b\u1ea5t khu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t di s\u1ea3n l\u00e2u d\u00e0i s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Edith Windsor: Nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00ean phong v\u00ec quy\u1ec1n LGBTQ Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p th\u1eddi th\u01a1 \u1ea5u Edith Windsor, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea5t khu\u1ea5t, sinh n\u0103m…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5163],"tags":[1368,6189,6188,6190],"class_list":["post-3194","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-lgbtq-history","tag-activism","tag-same-sex-marriage","tag-lgbtq-rights","tag-love-and-equality"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3194","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3194"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3194\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3195,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3194\/revisions\/3195"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3194"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3194"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3194"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}