Caterina de’ Medici sinh ra trong m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00dd v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1519. M\u1ed3 c\u00f4i t\u1eeb nh\u1ecf, b\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng nh\u1eefng n\u0103m th\u01a1 \u1ea5u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh c\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng kh\u00e1c nhau. N\u0103m 1533, b\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u00f4n v\u1edbi Henri, C\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edbc x\u1ee9 Orl\u00e9ans, con trai th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a Vua Fran\u00e7ois I c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p. Khi Henri l\u00ean ng\u00f4i v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1547, Caterina tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh V\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1eadu Ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n\n
Sau c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u1ed3ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1547, con trai 15 tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a Caterina l\u00e0 Fran\u00e7ois II l\u00ean ng\u00f4i. V\u00ec Fran\u00e7ois thi\u1ebfu kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 \u1ed1m y\u1ebfu, Caterina \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c cai qu\u1ea3n n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p. B\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 n\u1eafm gi\u1eef quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 Th\u00e1i h\u1eadu.<\/p>\n\n
Tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Caterina \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u1eb1ng cu\u1ed9c xung \u0111\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o gi\u1eefa s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Huguenot theo \u0111\u1ea1o Tin l\u00e0nh. B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 khoan dung c\u1ee7a b\u00e0, c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng leo thang, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u1edf Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1562.<\/p>\n\n
N\u0103m 1572, Caterina s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp cu\u1ed9c h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a con g\u00e1i b\u00e0 l\u00e0 Marguerite v\u1edbi Henri x\u1ee9 Navarre, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Tin l\u00e0nh. L\u1ec5 c\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ea1i Paris thu h\u00fat h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi Huguenot, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o t\u00e0n s\u00e1t d\u00e3 man v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 24 th\u00e1ng 8 n\u0103m 1572, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Th\u1ea3m s\u00e1t Ng\u00e0y l\u1ec5 Th\u00e1nh Bartholomew.<\/p>\n\n
Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Caterina trong v\u1ee5 th\u1ea3m s\u00e1t \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc c\u00e1o bu\u1ed9c b\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, trong khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c cho r\u1eb1ng b\u00e0 l\u00e0 n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh.<\/p>\n\n
B\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 b\u00e0 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, v\u1ee5 th\u1ea3m s\u00e1t \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 danh ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a Caterina l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 cai tr\u1ecb t\u00e0n nh\u1eabn v\u00e0 x\u1ea3o quy\u1ec7t. B\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch l\u00e0 “N\u1eef ho\u00e0ng X\u00e0” v\u00e0 “N\u1eef ho\u00e0ng \u0110en”.<\/p>\n\n
B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Caterina l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7y bi k\u1ecbch. B\u00e0 m\u1ea5t ch\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi con khi c\u00f2n nh\u1ecf. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi con trai c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t c\u1ee7a b\u00e0, Henri III, b\u1ecb \u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1589, ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Valois.<\/p>\n\n
Vi\u1ec7c Caterina l\u00ean n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 16, n\u01a1i ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb kh\u1ecfi vi\u1ec7c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c \u00dd c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 c\u0169ng khi\u1ebfn b\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi xa l\u1ea1 trong tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh Ph\u00e1p, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng tranh c\u00e3i xung quanh tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a b\u00e0.<\/p>\n\n
Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u1ea1i di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Caterina. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng b\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 cai tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o trong c\u00e1c th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u1edbi k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft \u0111o\u00e1n. H\u1ecd nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 nh\u1eb1m th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i b\u00e0.<\/p>\n\n
Caterina de’ Medici \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 trung t\u00e2m trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Ph\u00e1p. \u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n l\u00e2u d\u00e0i trong c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc. Di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c g\u00e2y s\u1ef1 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn v\u00e0 tranh lu\u1eadn, mang \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c, gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7y bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Caterina de’ Medici: Quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 tranh c\u00e3i \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 16 \u0110\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00ean n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n Caterina de’ Medici sinh ra trong…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[6266,489,5867,6267,6268,6270,6269,837],"class_list":["post-3241","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-catherine-de-medici","tag-politics","tag-power","tag-queen-mother","tag-france","tag-st-bartholomews-day-massacre","tag-16th-century","tag-religion"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3241","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3241"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3241\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3242,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3241\/revisions\/3242"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3241"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3241"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3241"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}