{"id":3307,"date":"2020-09-21T02:24:49","date_gmt":"2020-09-21T02:24:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=3307"},"modified":"2020-09-21T02:24:49","modified_gmt":"2020-09-21T02:24:49","slug":"klara-dan-von-neumann-hidden-figure-weather-prediction","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/meteorology\/klara-dan-von-neumann-hidden-figure-weather-prediction\/","title":{"rendered":"Klara Dan von Neumann: Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u1ea9n m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb1ng sau d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i"},"content":{"rendered":"

Klara Dan von Neumann: Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u1ea9n m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb1ng sau d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/h2>\n\n

Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c th\u1eddi th\u01a1 \u1ea5u<\/h2>\n\n

Klara Dan von Neumann sinh n\u0103m 1911 t\u1ea1i Budapest, Hungary, trong m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh Do Th\u00e1i gi\u00e0u c\u00f3. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ch\u00ednh quy v\u1ec1 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc ngo\u00e0i b\u1eadc ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng, nh\u01b0ng b\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ni\u1ec1m y\u00eau th\u00edch m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c con s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1.<\/p>\n\n

H\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi John von Neumann<\/h2>\n\n

N\u0103m 1937, Klara k\u1ebft h\u00f4n v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc l\u1ed7i l\u1ea1c John von Neumann. Sau khi chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn Hoa K\u1ef3, b\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi \u00f4ng trong nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u00e1c nhau, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 D\u1ef1 \u00e1n Manhattan. Th\u00f4ng qua c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi von Neumann, Klara tr\u1edf n\u00ean th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o v\u1ec1 m\u00e3 h\u00f3a to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh m\u00e1y t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n\n

Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i ENIAC<\/h2>\n\n

V\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1940, Klara v\u00e0 Nick Metropolis \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c trong m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch nh\u1eb1m chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i ENIAC t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t c\u1ed7 m\u00e1y c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc c\u00f3 d\u00e2y th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00f3 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. \u0110\u1ed5i m\u1edbi n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p ENIAC l\u01b0u tr\u1eef m\u1ed9t kho l\u1ec7nh kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 trong b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, gi\u00fap n\u00f3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean linh ho\u1ea1t h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/p>\n\n

\u0110\u00f3ng g\u00f3p cho d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft<\/h2>\n\n

John von Neumann nh\u1eadn ra ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ENIAC \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh s\u1eb5n cho vi\u1ec7c d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u00ed t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecdc do Jule Charney l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1950 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft theo s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. Chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n v\u1ec1 m\u00e3 h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a Klara v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ENIAC \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n

Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m ENIAC<\/h2>\n\n

Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m ENIAC li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea1y c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p tr\u00ean ENIAC \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft. Nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi trong h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng, v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ENIAC, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra s\u00e1u d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft h\u1ed3i c\u1ee9u ch\u1ee9ng minh t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 thi c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft theo s\u1ed1.<\/p>\n\n

Di s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/h2>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a Klara Dan von Neumann cho l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qua trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m. Tuy nhi\u00ean, vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 trong vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ebfn ENIAC th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00f3 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef s\u1eb5n v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 trong th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft n\u0103m 1950 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Ng\u00e0y nay, di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 l\u1eddi nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 khoa h\u1ecdc, b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn m\u00e0 h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n\n

Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef trong STEM<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Klara Dan von Neumann n\u00eau b\u1eadt t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n thi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc (STEM). M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y. X\u00f3a b\u1ecf kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng STEM to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n

T\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft<\/h2>\n\n

D\u1ef1 b\u00e1o th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u00ednh to\u00e1n ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 t\u00ednh k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft, gi\u00fap c\u1ee9u s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n. Khi s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh t\u00ednh to\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u0103ng, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mong \u0111\u1ee3i c\u00e1c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n tinh vi v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady h\u01a1n trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n\n

Ph\u1ea7n k\u1ebft<\/h2>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a Klara Dan von Neumann cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft theo s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef ti\u00ean phong trong khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea7y tham v\u1ecdng. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ghi nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 t\u00f4n vinh nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u1ea9n m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb1ng sau nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 khoa h\u1ecdc, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng h\u01a1n, n\u01a1i m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t huy h\u1ebft ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Klara Dan von Neumann: Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u1ea9n m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb1ng sau d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c th\u1eddi th\u01a1 \u1ea5u Klara Dan von Neumann sinh n\u0103m…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1278],"tags":[4417,1296,1541,1299,6385,6382,6383,211,1254,6384],"class_list":["post-3307","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-meteorology","tag-cloud-computing","tag-big-data","tag-machine-learning","tag-data-science","tag-computer-science","tag-klara-dan-von-neumann","tag-hidden-figures","tag-women-in-stem","tag-artificial-intelligence","tag-weather-prediction"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3307","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3307"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3307\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3308,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3307\/revisions\/3308"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3307"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3307"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3307"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}