{"id":3414,"date":"2024-07-07T14:41:42","date_gmt":"2024-07-07T14:41:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=3414"},"modified":"2024-07-07T14:41:42","modified_gmt":"2024-07-07T14:41:42","slug":"ancient-europe-agriculture-population-growth-collapse","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/archaeology\/ancient-europe-agriculture-population-growth-collapse\/","title":{"rendered":"N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00e2u \u00c2u: Con dao hai l\u01b0\u1ee1i t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 di\u1ec7t vong"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t con dao hai l\u01b0\u1ee1i: T\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">S\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng d\u00e2n s\u1ed1<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y kho\u1ea3ng 8.500 n\u0103m, n\u1ec1n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf Th\u1ed5 Nh\u0129 K\u1ef3 ng\u00e0y nay v\u00e0 d\u1ea7n lan r\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafp ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, cung c\u1ea5p ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o h\u01a1n. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0, d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng t\u00ednh s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tuy nhi\u00ean, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u0169ng \u0111\u1eb7t ra nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n, th\u1ee7y l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 lu\u00e2n canh. Do \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1 r\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ea5t canh t\u00e1c, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 suy tho\u00e1i m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ean di\u1ec7n r\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ed3n cung l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1 r\u1eebng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n canh t\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn ngu\u1ed3n cung l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c c\u00fa s\u1ed1c nh\u01b0 h\u1ecfa ho\u1ea1n, h\u1ea1n h\u00e1n v\u00e0 l\u0169 l\u1ee5t. Nh\u1eefng c\u00fa s\u1ed1c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng suy gi\u1ea3m d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">S\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 C\u00e1i ch\u1ebft \u0111en<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng, \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m t\u1edbi 30 \u0111\u1ebfn 60 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m so v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec9nh sau khi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng n\u1ec1n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. S\u1ef1 s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 quy m\u00f4 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 do C\u00e1i ch\u1ebft \u0111en g\u00e2y ra, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch th\u1ea3m kh\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 14.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p suy gi\u1ea3m d\u00e2n s\u1ed1, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean kh\u00f4ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc cho ng\u00e0y nay<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">S\u1ef1 tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady v\u00e0 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ch\u00e2u \u00c2u c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i mang \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf r\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con dao hai l\u01b0\u1ee1i: trong khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">T\u00ednh b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ng\u00e0y nay, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n ch\u00e2u \u00c2u c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i. Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa nhu c\u1ea7u s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 t\u00ednh b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc b\u1ed5 sung<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e1 m\u1edbi, khi n\u1ec1n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi.<\/li>\n<li>Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed3ng thau, ti\u1ebfp theo sau th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e1 m\u1edbi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 suy gi\u1ea3m d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 gia t\u0103ng s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/li>\n<li>S\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh ch\u00e2u \u00c2u c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/li>\n<li>N\u1ec1n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu v\u00e0 c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t con dao hai l\u01b0\u1ee1i: T\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i S\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 s\u1ef1&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":23823,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[191],"tags":[34,6528,287,120,6529,6530,3553],"class_list":["post-3414","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-archaeology","tag-climate-change","tag-ancient-europe","tag-agriculture","tag-sustainability","tag-population-collapse","tag-resource-management","tag-population-growth"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3414","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3414"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3414\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3415,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3414\/revisions\/3415"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23823"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3414"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3414"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3414"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}