{"id":355,"date":"2024-06-20T05:08:20","date_gmt":"2024-06-20T05:08:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=355"},"modified":"2024-06-20T05:08:20","modified_gmt":"2024-06-20T05:08:20","slug":"alligators-breathe-like-birds-the-evolutionary-significance-of-unidirectional-breathing","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/zoology\/alligators-breathe-like-birds-the-evolutionary-significance-of-unidirectional-breathing\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1 s\u1ea5u th\u1edf nh\u01b0 chim: M\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u00edch nghi h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o"},"content":{"rendered":"

C\u00e1 s\u1ea5u th\u1edf nh\u01b0 chim: M\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u00edch nghi h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o<\/h2>\n\n

H\u00e9 l\u1ed9 b\u00ed \u1ea9n v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i c\u00e1 s\u1ea5u<\/h2>\n\n

Trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb cu\u1ed1n h\u00fat b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c gi\u1eefa chim v\u00e0 c\u00e1 s\u1ea5u, hai lo\u00e0i sinh v\u1eadt d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nhau. Trong khi chim tung c\u00e1nh tr\u00ean b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f4i c\u00e1nh c\u00f3 l\u00f4ng, th\u00ec c\u00e1 s\u1ea5u \u1ea9n m\u00ecnh d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7m l\u1ea7y v\u00e0 s\u00f4ng ng\u00f2i, v\u1edbi l\u1edbp \u00e1o gi\u00e1p v\u00e0 h\u00e0m r\u0103ng kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh minh ch\u1ee9ng cho ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 ngo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n, nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea3 chim v\u00e0 c\u00e1 s\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 chung ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7\u9f99\u5934, m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m “b\u00f2 s\u00e1t th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb” t\u1eebng th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n

M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7\u9f99\u5934 l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang th\u1edf theo c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t so v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt c\u00f3 v\u00fa. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, chim c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cao th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u0111i theo m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng qua ph\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang theo m\u1ed9t chu tr\u00ecnh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p chim chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t oxy t\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt c\u00f3 v\u00fa.<\/p>\n\n

C\u00e1 s\u1ea5u: Nh\u1eefng sinh v\u1eadt h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u<\/h2>\n\n

Trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc nghi ng\u1edd r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1 s\u1ea5u c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1edf b\u1eb1ng lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn thi\u1ebfu b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1 s\u1ea5u th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 s\u1edf h\u1eefu s\u1ef1 th\u00edch nghi h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n

\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng con c\u00e1 s\u1ea5u \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 b\u01a1m ph\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cho th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea3y m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u qua m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ch c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn b\u00ean trong h\u1ec7 h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 s\u1ea5u.<\/p>\n\n

\u0110\u1ec3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn th\u00eam nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111o l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u1edf nh\u1eefng con c\u00e1 s\u1ea5u c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng. H\u1ecd ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed trong h\u1ec7 h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 s\u1ea5u v\u1eabn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong su\u1ed1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00edt v\u00e0o v\u00e0 th\u1edf ra, cung c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd cho vi\u1ec7c h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n\n

\u00dd ngh\u0129a ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u<\/h2>\n\n

Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1 s\u1ea5u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1edf nh\u01b0 chim c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7\u9f99\u5934. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1 s\u1ea5u v\u00e0 chim s\u1ed1ng ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f9ng chia s\u1ebb c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf sinh l\u00fd n\u00e0y, th\u00ec c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean chung cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a kh\u1ee7ng long v\u00e0 c\u00e1 s\u1ea5u c\u0169ng s\u1edf h\u1eefu h\u1ec7 h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n\n

Gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y cho r\u1eb1ng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a \u1edf nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7\u9f99\u5934 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y h\u01a1n 230 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m, sau s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t Permi-Trias, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n t\u00e0n kh\u1ed1c nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n

H\u00f4 h\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u: M\u1ed9t l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf trong s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t<\/h2>\n\n

S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t Permi-Trias \u0111\u00e3 x\u00f3a s\u1ed5 kho\u1ea3ng 96% c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i sinh v\u1eadt bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 h\u01a1n 70% c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i tr\u00ean c\u1ea1n. Trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7\u9f99\u5934 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean (ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean g\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang), v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1edf m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 mang l\u1ea1i cho ch\u00fang m\u1ed9t l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf c\u1ea1nh tranh.<\/p>\n\n

H\u00f4 h\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y oxy t\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed so v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt c\u00f3 v\u00fa. N\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t Permi-Trias \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1edbn trong kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 suy gi\u1ea3m oxy, th\u00ec nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7\u9f99\u5934 v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt c\u00f3 v\u00fa c\u00f9ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n\n

S\u1ef1 tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7\u9f99\u5934<\/h2>\n\n

S\u1ef1 tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7\u9f99\u5934 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb sau s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t Permi-Trias c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0 nh\u1edd v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 th\u00edch nghi h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. H\u00f4 h\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p cho ch\u00fang m\u1ed9t l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t sinh l\u00fd, cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i h\u01a1n c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt c\u00f3 x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean c\u1ea1n th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb trong h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m.<\/p>\n\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a ti\u1ebfp theo<\/h2>\n\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u \u1edf c\u00e1 s\u1ea5u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 l\u1edbn, nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u00eam nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u00edch nghi n\u00e0y. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u1ec7 h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7\u9f99\u5934 kh\u00e1c, c\u1ea3 c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng, s\u1ebd gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd n\u00e0y v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u1ecbch s\u1eed s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

C\u00e1 s\u1ea5u th\u1edf nh\u01b0 chim: M\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u00edch nghi h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o H\u00e9 l\u1ed9 b\u00ed \u1ea9n v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i c\u00e1 s\u1ea5u Trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, c\u00e1c…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":23697,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[280],"tags":[933,929,930,932,931,934],"class_list":["post-355","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zoology","tag-archosaurs","tag-alligators","tag-birds","tag-unidirectional-airflow","tag-respiration","tag-permian-triassic-mass-extinction"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/355","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=355"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/355\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":356,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/355\/revisions\/356"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23697"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=355"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=355"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=355"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}