L\u1ecbch s\u1eed phong ph\u00fa c\u1ee7a Alaska b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua C\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea5t Bering t\u1eeb Siberia c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y kho\u1ea3ng 20.000 n\u0103m. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u0103n b\u1eafn v\u00e0 h\u00e1i l\u01b0\u1ee3m du m\u1ee5c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7.<\/p>\n\n
N\u0103m 1741, nh\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110an M\u1ea1ch Vitus Bering \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn Alaska trong khi t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm H\u00e0nh lang T\u00e2y B\u1eafc. Chuy\u1ebfn th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba Alaska, bao g\u1ed3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi Eskimo, ng\u01b0\u1eddi da \u0111\u1ecf v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Aleut, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 chia s\u1ebb c\u00e1c t\u1eadp t\u1ee5c s\u0103n b\u1eafn v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1eaft c\u00e1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n\n
Sau cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed5 b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Bering, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n Nga \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed5 x\u00f4 \u0111\u1ebfn Alaska. N\u0103m 1784, Grigori Shelekhov th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp khu \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o Kodiak, \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u s\u1ef1 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Nga trong khu v\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n
Nh\u00e0 th\u1edd Ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o Nga \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu trong n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng m\u00e1i v\u00f2m h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7 h\u00e0nh trang tr\u00ed tr\u00ean c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1edd \u1edf Kodiak, Juneau v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng kh\u00e1c. Phong t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Nga c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn Alaska.<\/p>\n\n
N\u0103m 1896, vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra v\u00e0ng \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c Klondike \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 d\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed5 x\u00f4 \u0111\u1ebfn Alaska. Ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 g\u1ed7 bi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp \u1edf Skagway \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n v\u00f4 ph\u00e1p, ch\u1eadt k\u00edn l\u1ec1u tr\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n
Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ecm v\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed5 x\u00f4 \u0111\u1ebfn Alaska t\u1eeb Seattle v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3, t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm v\u1eadn may c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong c\u00e1c c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0ng. Skagway tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a th\u1ee3 m\u1ecf, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u0110\u00e8o Chilkoot \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn Klondike.<\/p>\n\n
C\u01a1n s\u1ed1t v\u00e0ng Klondike kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 mang l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i cho Alaska m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh n\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a n\u01a1i n\u00e0y. C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c ch\u1ea1y \u0111ua t\u00ecm v\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m n\u1ea3y sinh c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n nh\u01b0 Juneau, Fairbanks v\u00e0 Haines, v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n\n
C\u01a1n s\u1ed1t v\u00e0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf Alaska, v\u1edbi du kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eafm m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a Skagway. Di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a c\u01a1n s\u1ed1t v\u00e0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu r\u00f5 n\u00e9t trong c\u1ea3nh quan v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a Alaska.<\/p>\n\n
Trong Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn II, t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a Alaska tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 n\u00e9m bom C\u1ea3ng Dutch v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng Qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Aleut. Tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn k\u00e9o d\u00e0i m\u1ed9t n\u0103m tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eed th\u00e1ch nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i k\u1ebb th\u00f9 v\u00e0 th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n
Qu\u00e2n \u0111o\u00e0n C\u00f4ng binh L\u1ee5c qu\u00e2n Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng cao t\u1ed1c Alaska trong th\u1eddi gian k\u1ef7 l\u1ee5c, cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 cho c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1. Alaska \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c chi\u1ebfn tranh nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c trung chuy\u1ec3n \u1edf B\u1eafc Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n\n
Alaska tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ti\u1ec3u bang th\u1ee9 49 v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 3 th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 1959, \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c quan tr\u1ecdng trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn v\u00e0 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec3u bang \u0111\u00e3 thu h\u00fat s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf t\u1ea1i V\u1ecbnh Prudhoe n\u0103m 1968 \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf Alaska.<\/p>\n\n
\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn d\u1ea7u xuy\u00ean Alaska, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1974 \u0111\u1ebfn 1977, \u0111\u00e3 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ea7u t\u1eeb V\u1ecbnh Prudhoe \u0111\u1ebfn Valdez. S\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 v\u1ec1 d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf c\u1ee7a Alaska \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec3u bang.<\/p>\n\n
Ng\u00e0y nay, Alaska n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p ngo\u1ea1n m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 phong ph\u00fa c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean. T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng b\u0103ng h\u00f9ng v\u0129 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai cao ch\u00f3t v\u00f3t \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f9ng hoang d\u00e3 nguy\u00ean s\u01a1 v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, Alaska quy\u1ebfn r\u0169 du kh\u00e1ch v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3nh quan hoang s\u01a1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n
L\u1ecbch s\u1eed phong ph\u00fa, v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 di s\u1ea3n thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Alaska khi\u1ebfn n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o v\u00e0 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn. Cho d\u00f9 l\u00e0 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba, chi\u00eam ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 th\u1edd Ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Nga hay t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm v\u00e0ng, du kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eafm m\u00ecnh trong b\u1ee9c tranh r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Alaska.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Alaska: M\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 di s\u1ea3n Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean L\u1ecbch s\u1eed phong ph\u00fa c\u1ee7a Alaska b\u1eaft…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1176],"tags":[1355,6939,6940,4036,254,27,6938,2104,4618,722],"class_list":["post-3682","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-history-and-culture","tag-alaska","tag-russian-orthodox","tag-gold-rush","tag-heritage","tag-wildlife","tag-history","tag-native-american","tag-natural-wonders","tag-mountains","tag-glaciers"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3682","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3682"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3682\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3683,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3682\/revisions\/3683"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3682"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3682"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3682"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}