David Goldblatt, sinh n\u0103m 1930 t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n khai th\u00e1c g\u1ea7n Johannesburg, tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0110\u1ea3ng Qu\u1ed1c gia l\u00ean ng\u00f4i. Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch apartheid c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c g\u1ea1t ra ngo\u00e0i l\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nam Phi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi da tr\u1eafng.<\/p>\n\n
Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00f3, Goldblatt ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ni\u1ec1m \u0111am m\u00ea v\u1edbi nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh, l\u1ea5y c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed nh\u01b0 Life v\u00e0 Picture Post. Ban \u0111\u1ea7u, \u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh gia t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed, nh\u01b0ng sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng sang ghi l\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i apartheid.<\/p>\n\n
Nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a Goldblatt \u0111\u00e3 ghi l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 apartheid. \u00d4ng tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c, thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c tinh vi nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n
M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh mang t\u00ednh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, ch\u1ee5p n\u0103m 1965, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1eadu b\u00e9 da tr\u1eafng \u0111\u1ee9ng c\u1ea1nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o m\u1eabu da \u0111en c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, Heimweeberg. H\u00e0ng r\u00e0o d\u00e2y th\u00e9p gai \u1edf ph\u00eda sau t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho s\u1ef1 chia r\u1ebd do apartheid \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n\n
Cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u0103m 1989 c\u1ee7a Goldblatt, \u201cThe Transported of KwaNdebele\u201d, ghi l\u1ea1i h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh d\u00e0i v\u00e0 gian kh\u1ed5 m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nam Phi da \u0111en ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t n\u01a1i h\u1ecd b\u1ecb bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n
C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a Goldblatt \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. N\u0103m 1998, \u00f4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 Nam Phi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u00f3 tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1i B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt Hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i (MOMA) \u1edf New York. Nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y \u1edf c\u00e1c b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n
Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi qua \u0111\u1eddi, Goldblatt \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u00e2m b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh cho \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Yale. Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y g\u00e2y tranh c\u00e3i, v\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee9a s\u1ebd t\u1eb7ng b\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp cho \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Cape Town. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 r\u00fat l\u1ea1i b\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh sau khi c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1t c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt trong khu\u00f4n vi\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 “bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba”.<\/p>\n\n
C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a Goldblatt ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem. S\u1ef1 cam k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng trong vi\u1ec7c ghi l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 apartheid v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u00fd ngh\u0129a cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n\n
Goldblatt ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi \u1ea3nh \u0111en tr\u1eafng, tin r\u1eb1ng m\u00e0u s\u1eafc qu\u00e1 \u201cng\u1ecdt ng\u00e0o\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a apartheid. V\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990, \u00f4ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi m\u00e0u s\u1eafc, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh ghi l\u1ea1i Nam Phi qua l\u0103ng k\u00ednh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 trung th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n\n
Goldblatt t\u1ef1 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t “ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u00ean tr\u00ec”, ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh theo \u0111u\u1ed5i t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n
Nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a Goldblatt \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1ec1 apartheid. Nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u01a1i b\u00e0y s\u1ef1 t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o v\u00e0 phi l\u00fd c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o \u00e1p l\u1ef1c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n
C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a Goldblatt v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c vang v\u1ecdng v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nam Phi ng\u00e0y nay. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c cho c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c, b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
David Goldblatt: M\u1ed9t nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh gia Nam Phi ghi l\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 Apartheid Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng David Goldblatt, sinh n\u0103m 1930 t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[7043,527,3063,7,4080],"class_list":["post-3759","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-photography","tag-apartheid","tag-social-justice","tag-south-africa","tag-documentary-photography","tag-racial-injustice"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3759","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3759"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3759\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3760,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3759\/revisions\/3760"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3759"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3759"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3759"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}