{"id":385,"date":"2024-06-20T22:21:38","date_gmt":"2024-06-20T22:21:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=385"},"modified":"2024-06-20T22:21:38","modified_gmt":"2024-06-20T22:21:38","slug":"iphone-chemical-composition-critical-elements-recycling","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/technology\/iphone-chemical-composition-critical-elements-recycling\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u00ean trong chi\u1ebfc iPhone c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 g\u00ec: Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc"},"content":{"rendered":"

B\u00ean trong chi\u1ebfc iPhone c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 g\u00ec: Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/h2>\n\n

Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t \u1ea9n gi\u1ea5u<\/h2>\n\n

B\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 bao gi\u1edd t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u1ea9n b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u1edbp v\u1ecf b\u00f3ng b\u1ea9y c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfc iPhone ch\u01b0a? C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 ngh\u0129 ra m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e9 l\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng kho b\u00e1u \u1ea9n gi\u1ea5u b\u00ean trong: nghi\u1ec1n n\u00e1t n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh b\u1ee5i.<\/p>\n\n

Khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1eb1ng sau qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nghi\u1ec1n<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Plymouth \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc iPhone 4S v\u00e0 cho v\u00e0o m\u00e1y xay sinh t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u1ec1n n\u00e1t. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nghi\u1ec1n th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t nh\u1ecf x\u00edu, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfc iPhone.<\/p>\n\n

B\u1ea3n giao h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1<\/h2>\n\n

Nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 39 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng b\u00ean trong chi\u1ebfc iPhone, v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa. Trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 s\u1eaft, silic v\u00e0 crom.<\/p>\n\n

C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng: Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1ng lo ng\u1ea1i<\/h2>\n\n

\u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm \u0111ang ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi r\u1ee7i ro v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n cung. Chi\u1ebfc iPhone c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn vonfram, coban, molypden, neodymi v\u00e0 praseodymi.<\/p>\n\n

Kim lo\u1ea1i qu\u00fd: Kho b\u00e1u \u1ea9n gi\u1ea5u<\/h2>\n\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u0169ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i qu\u00fd, bao g\u1ed3m 90 miligam b\u1ea1c v\u00e0 36 miligam v\u00e0ng. N\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0ng n\u00e0y cao h\u01a1n 100 l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t h\u1ecdc s\u1ebd coi l\u00e0 “h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao” trong m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n\n

T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a khai th\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/h2>\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c khai th\u00e1c c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 gi\u00e1 b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i gi\u00e1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eaft \u0111\u1ecf. C\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng khai th\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng h\u1ed1 l\u1edbn tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m cho c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n

Vi ph\u1ea1m nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n: M\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111en t\u1ed1i<\/h2>\n\n

Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng khai th\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch l\u00e0 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng v\u1ee5 vi ph\u1ea1m nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp. Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng khai th\u00e1c coban t\u1ea1i C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 Congo b\u1ecb c\u00e1o bu\u1ed9c c\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ebb em, trong khi vi\u1ec7c bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n thi\u1ebfc, vonfram v\u00e0 tantalum \u1edf nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c x\u1ea3y ra chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 cho xung \u0111\u1ed9t v\u0169 trang.<\/p>\n\n

T\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf<\/h2>\n\n

\u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng minh, t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m nhu c\u1ea7u khai th\u00e1c v\u00e0 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 li\u00ean quan c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng c\u1ee7a Apple<\/h2>\n\n

Apple \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 c\u00e1c k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng khai th\u00e1c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn n\u00e0y v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111i v\u00e0o hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n

N\u00e2ng cao nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y thay \u0111\u1ed5i<\/h2>\n\n

D\u1ef1 \u00e1n nghi\u1ec1n n\u00e1t iPhone c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Plymouth nh\u1eb1m n\u00e2ng cao nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng minh.<\/p>\n\n

L\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/h2>\n\n

L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 trong vi\u1ec7c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng minh v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00edch c\u1ef1c trong ng\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

B\u00ean trong chi\u1ebfc iPhone c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 g\u00ec: Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t \u1ea9n gi\u1ea5u B\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 bao gi\u1edd t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi \u0111i\u1ec1u…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":23695,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[999],"tags":[995,996,994,69,120,997,368,998],"class_list":["post-385","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-technology","tag-chemical-composition","tag-critical-elements","tag-iphone","tag-human-rights","tag-sustainability","tag-precious-metals","tag-environmental-impact","tag-recycling"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/385","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=385"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/385\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":386,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/385\/revisions\/386"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23695"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=385"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=385"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=385"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}