{"id":3859,"date":"2021-07-04T03:47:48","date_gmt":"2021-07-04T03:47:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=3859"},"modified":"2021-07-04T03:47:48","modified_gmt":"2021-07-04T03:47:48","slug":"james-otis-jr-the-patriot-who-never-became-a-founding-father","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/uncategorized\/james-otis-jr-the-patriot-who-never-became-a-founding-father\/","title":{"rendered":"Ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecb l\u00e3ng qu\u00ean c\u1ee7a C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Hoa K\u1ef3: James Otis Jr."},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">James Otis Jr.: Nh\u00e0 y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh cha \u0111\u1ebb l\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p ban \u0111\u1ea7u<\/h2>\n\n<p>James Otis Jr. sinh n\u0103m 1725 t\u1ea1i West Barnstable, Massachusetts. \u00d4ng theo h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i Harvard t\u1eeb n\u0103m 14 tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0 nhanh ch\u00f3ng n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 bi\u1ec7n h\u1ed9 h\u00f9ng h\u1ed3n. Otis \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e0o ch\u1eefa th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng cho nh\u1eefng t\u00ean c\u01b0\u1edbp bi\u1ec3n b\u1ecb bu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i \u1edf Halifax, Nova Scotia v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng tr\u1ebb \u1edf Plymouth b\u1ecb bu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i g\u00e2y b\u1ea1o lo\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Phi\u00ean t\u00f2a v\u1ec1 L\u1ec7nh h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3<\/h2>\n\n<p>N\u0103m 1761, Otis tr\u1edf n\u00ean n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng trong phi\u00ean t\u00f2a v\u1ec1 L\u1ec7nh h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3. Nh\u1eefng l\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c quan ch\u1ee9c h\u1ea3i quan Anh\u641c\u67e5\u4efb\u4f55\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u4ee5\u5bfb\u627e\u8d70\u79c1\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u3002 Otis l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i c\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y, g\u1ecdi ch\u00fang l\u00e0 &#8220;c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111o\u00e1n&#8221;. B\u00e0i di\u1ec5n v\u0103n k\u00e9o d\u00e0i n\u0103m gi\u1edd c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc quan tr\u1ecdng trong C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Hoa K\u1ef3.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/h2>\n\n<p>Sau phi\u00ean t\u00f2a v\u1ec1 L\u1ec7nh h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3, Otis tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc Hoa K\u1ef3. \u00d4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea7u v\u00e0o H\u1ea1 vi\u1ec7n Massachusetts, n\u01a1i \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 thu\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Anh. Otis \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t ra c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb &#8221; \u0111\u00e1nh thu\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n l\u00e0 b\u1ea1o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c&#8221; v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch nh\u1ecf c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng &#8220;Quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba Anh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng minh&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i s\u1ef1 cai tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Anh<\/h2>\n\n<p>Otis \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i \u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt tem v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt Townshend. \u00d4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a H\u1ea1 vi\u1ec7n Massachusetts g\u1eedi t\u1edbi Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i, l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i Anh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e1nh thu\u1ebf c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba. Khi Vua George III y\u00eau c\u1ea7u H\u1ea1 vi\u1ec7n h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf b\u1ee9c th\u01b0, Otis tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: &#8220;H\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3 Anh h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t m\u00e3i m\u00e3i&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Suy t\u00e0n v\u00e0 di s\u1ea3n<\/h2>\n\n<p>T\u00ednh c\u00e1ch n\u00f3ng n\u1ea3y v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng khai c\u1ee7a Otis \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. N\u0103m 1769, \u00f4ng c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u1ea9u \u0111\u1ea3 b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u1ee7y vi\u00ean h\u1ea3i quan Anh, khi\u1ebfn \u00f4ng b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u1eb7ng \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u. Ch\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0m tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng th\u00eam s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n v\u1ec1 tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u00f4ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n \u0111i\u00ean lo\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n<p>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n suy gi\u1ea3m, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Otis v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c. Em g\u00e1i \u00f4ng, Mercy, \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp qu\u1ea3n vai tr\u00f2 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp ch\u1ed1ng Anh. Em trai \u00f4ng, Samuel Allyne Otis, t\u1eebng l\u00e0 th\u01b0 k\u00fd \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng vi\u1ec7n Hoa K\u1ef3.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00e1i ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edb<\/h2>\n\n<p>N\u0103m 1783, Otis b\u1ecb s\u00e9t \u0111\u00e1nh ch\u1ebft. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac bi th\u1ea3m, di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 h\u00f9ng bi\u1ec7n v\u1eabn c\u00f2n m\u00e3i. John Adams \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng Otis &#8220;\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ch\u1ebft khi k\u00fd \u1ee9c v\u1ec1 C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a Long-Tail:<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>James Otis Jr. v\u00e0 C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Hoa K\u1ef3<\/li>\n<li>\u00dd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a phi\u00ean t\u00f2a v\u1ec1 L\u1ec7nh h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Otis v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n<\/li>\n<li>Nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do khi\u1ebfn Otis m\u1ea5t \u0111i s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9<\/li>\n<li>Nh\u1eefng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Otis v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u00f4ng<\/li>\n<li>Di s\u1ea3n l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a James Otis \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>James Otis Jr.: Nh\u00e0 y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh cha \u0111\u1ebb l\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p ban \u0111\u1ea7u James Otis Jr. sinh n\u0103m 1725 t\u1ea1i West&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[21,885,7205,7203,27,7204],"class_list":["post-3859","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-mental-illness","tag-american-revolution","tag-orator","tag-james-otis-jr","tag-history","tag-patriot"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3859","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3859"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3859\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3860,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3859\/revisions\/3860"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3859"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3859"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3859"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}