{"id":3879,"date":"2024-01-26T04:00:25","date_gmt":"2024-01-26T04:00:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=3879"},"modified":"2024-01-26T04:00:25","modified_gmt":"2024-01-26T04:00:25","slug":"arabic-manuscripts-reveal-surprising-climate-baghdads-golden-age","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/climate-science\/arabic-manuscripts-reveal-surprising-climate-baghdads-golden-age\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1c b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o ti\u1ebfng \u1ea2 R\u1eadp ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd \u1edf K\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean ho\u00e0ng kim Baghdad"},"content":{"rendered":"

C\u00e1c b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o ti\u1ebfng \u1ea2 R\u1eadp ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd \u1edf K\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean ho\u00e0ng kim Baghdad<\/h2>\n\n

Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 qua c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ed5<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c l\u00f5i b\u0103ng, v\u00f2ng c\u00e2y v\u00e0 san h\u00f4 bi\u1ec3n s\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o l\u1ea1i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 khai th\u00e1c m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qua: c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ed5.<\/p>\n\n

Baghdad: M\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb s\u1ea7m u\u1ea5t v\u1edbi kh\u00ed h\u1eadu \u00f4n h\u00f2a<\/h2>\n\n

M\u1ed9t ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, Baghdad l\u00e0 th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 nh\u1ed9n nh\u1ecbp c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ebf ch\u1ebf H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn. N\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa n\u01a1i h\u1ee3p l\u01b0u c\u1ee7a s\u00f4ng Tigris v\u00e0 Euphrates, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c so v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n

C\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 xem x\u00e9t k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o t\u1eeb Baghdad v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 9 v\u00e0 10 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft. Nh\u1eefng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y, cung c\u1ea5p l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 khu v\u1ef1c, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean c\u00e1c quan s\u00e1t v\u1ec1 kh\u00ed t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n\n

C\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/h2>\n\n

H\u1ecd v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean khi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra nhi\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u1ea1nh trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a Baghdad. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 14 kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian l\u1ea1nh gi\u00e1, bao g\u1ed3m n\u0103m kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0o m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng, hai kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0o m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n, m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0o m\u00f9a h\u00e8 v\u00e0 hai kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian k\u00e9o d\u00e0i c\u1ea3 n\u0103m. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u1ee5c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 tuy\u1ebft r\u01a1i, b\u0103ng gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 s\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng.<\/p>\n\n

Tuy\u1ebft r\u01a1i gi\u1eefa sa m\u1ea1c<\/h2>\n\n

M\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 23 th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 908 \u0111\u00e3 ghi l\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng “b\u1ed1n ng\u00f3n tay tuy\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 t\u00edch t\u1ee5 tr\u00ean m\u00e1i nh\u00e0”. M\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c kh\u00e1c, v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 25 th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m 1007, \u0111\u01b0a tin v\u1ec1 tr\u1eadn tuy\u1ebft r\u01a1i d\u00e0y t\u1eeb 30 \u0111\u1ebfn 50 inch.<\/p>\n\n

M\u1ed9t m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng n\u00fai l\u1eeda?<\/h2>\n\n

V\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 7 n\u0103m 920, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee3t l\u1ea1nh b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng khi\u1ebfn m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ng\u1ee7 tr\u00ean m\u00e1i nh\u00e0, m\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00eam m\u00f9a h\u00e8. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u suy \u0111o\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 do m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 phun tr\u00e0o n\u00fai l\u1eeda v\u00e0o n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n

S\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed h\u1eadu Baghdad<\/h2>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho th\u1ea5y th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft \u1edf Baghdad c\u1ee7a K\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean ho\u00e0ng kim H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n nay. L\u1ea7n duy nh\u1ea5t tuy\u1ebft r\u01a1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn \u1edf Baghdad hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00e0 v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 11 th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 2008, nh\u01b0ng tuy\u1ebft nhanh ch\u00f3ng tan ch\u1ea3y khi ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n

Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u li\u00ean ng\u00e0nh<\/h2>\n\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9ng minh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u li\u00ean ng\u00e0nh trong vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u1edbi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kh\u00ed t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecdc, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kh\u00ed h\u1eadu trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o kh\u00ed h\u1eadu l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/h2>\n\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang c\u0169ng \u0111\u1eb7t ra nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn quan s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ngo\u00e0i ra, vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ghi ch\u00e9p n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n.<\/p>\n\n

Ph\u1ea7n k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o ti\u1ebfng \u1ea2 R\u1eadp \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf th\u00eam v\u1ec1 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu c\u1ee7a Baghdad \u1edf K\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean ho\u00e0ng kim. C\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u1ea1nh gi\u00e1, tuy\u1ebft r\u01a1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n th\u00f4ng tin kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o l\u1ea1i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng lu\u00f4n bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

C\u00e1c b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o ti\u1ebfng \u1ea2 R\u1eadp ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd \u1edf K\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean ho\u00e0ng kim Baghdad Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 qua c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ed5…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[284],"tags":[7232,7233,34,7235,7237,7239,7236,7234,7238],"class_list":["post-3879","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-climate-science","tag-arabic-manuscripts","tag-baghdad","tag-climate-change","tag-historical-climate","tag-past-climate","tag-weather-reconstruction","tag-islamic-golden-age","tag-cold-periods","tag-snowfall"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3879","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3879"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3879\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3880,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3879\/revisions\/3880"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3879"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3879"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3879"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}