{"id":393,"date":"2020-12-28T22:15:14","date_gmt":"2020-12-28T22:15:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=393"},"modified":"2020-12-28T22:15:14","modified_gmt":"2020-12-28T22:15:14","slug":"ancient-human-interbreeding-unveiling-our-evolutionary-past","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/anthropology\/ancient-human-interbreeding-unveiling-our-evolutionary-past\/","title":{"rendered":"Giao ph\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i: H\u00e9 l\u1ed9 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta"},"content":{"rendered":"

Giao ph\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i: H\u00e9 l\u1ed9 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta<\/h2>\n\n

Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch di truy\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc h\u00e9 l\u1ed9 nhi\u1ec1u giai \u0111o\u1ea1n giao ph\u1ed1i<\/h2>\n\n

T\u1eeb l\u00e2u, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 giao ph\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh em h\u1ecd c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Neanderthal v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Denisova. S\u1ef1 giao ph\u1ed1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft di truy\u1ec1n trong c\u00e1c qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ch\u00e2u Phi. Tuy nhi\u00ean, th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n giao ph\u1ed1i n\u00e0y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00ed \u1ea9n.<\/p>\n\n

M\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Science \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf m\u1ed1c th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch DNA c\u1ee7a 1.523 ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111a d\u1ea1ng. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea m\u1edbi, h\u1ecd x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 DNA c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i, ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi Neanderthal hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi Denisova, v\u00e0 li\u1ec7u ch\u00fang c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t hay nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n giao ph\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 nhi\u1ec1u giai \u0111o\u1ea1n giao ph\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh em h\u1ecd ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian 60.000 n\u0103m. Nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n giao ph\u1ed1i n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra tr\u00ean c\u00e1c l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba kh\u00e1c nhau, cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n\n

Ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 giao ph\u1ed1i<\/h2>\n\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Melanesia, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi sinh s\u1ed1ng \u1edf Papua New Guinea v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3o xung quanh, c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c DNA Denisova cao nh\u1ea5t trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. DNA n\u00e0y c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n giao ph\u1ed1i x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1.<\/p>\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, Nam \u00c1 v\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c1 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 DNA Neanderthal, ch\u1ec9 ra c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n giao ph\u1ed1i \u1edf Trung \u0110\u00f4ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c1 c\u00f3 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n giao ph\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Neanderthal n\u1eefa, x\u1ea3y ra sau khi h\u1ecd t\u00e1ch kh\u1ecfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 Nam \u00c1.<\/p>\n\n

L\u1ee3i \u00edch th\u00edch nghi c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 giao ph\u1ed1i<\/h2>\n\n

S\u1ef1 giao ph\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh em h\u1ecd ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t di truy\u1ec1n gi\u00fap h\u1ecd t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 th\u00edch nghi. Khi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi di c\u01b0 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edbi, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, ngu\u1ed3n th\u1ee9c \u0103n v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt m\u1edbi. S\u1ef1 giao ph\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Neanderthal v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Denisova c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p cho h\u1ecd c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 di truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 21 ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n DNA c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c gen li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n vi-r\u00fat, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng trong m\u00e1u v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y ch\u1ea5t b\u00e9o. Nh\u1eefng gen n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n

\u00dd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/h2>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a to l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ch\u00fang cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 giao ph\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n hi\u1ebfm hoi m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i. S\u1ef1 giao ph\u1ed1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng di truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch nghi v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta trong nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111ang ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec5n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai<\/h2>\n\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 giao ph\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111ang ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec5n. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111ang ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u di truy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 th\u00eam c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n giao ph\u1ed1i n\u00e0y. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Pygmy ch\u00e2u Phi c\u00f3 DNA t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean ch\u01b0a x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e3 giao ph\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i trong v\u00f2ng 30.000 n\u0103m tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n\n

Khi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u di truy\u1ec1n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hy v\u1ecdng s\u1ebd t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 li\u00ean quan ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 n\u00e0y s\u1ebd l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0 di s\u1ea3n di truy\u1ec1n m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta mang t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Giao ph\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i: H\u00e9 l\u1ed9 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch di truy\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc h\u00e9 l\u1ed9 nhi\u1ec1u giai \u0111o\u1ea1n giao ph\u1ed1i T\u1eeb l\u00e2u, c\u00e1c…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1022],"tags":[1017,188,1021,1018,1020,1019,487],"class_list":["post-393","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-anthropology","tag-ancient-dna","tag-genetics","tag-evolutionary-history","tag-interbreeding","tag-denisovans","tag-neanderthals","tag-human-evolution"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/393","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=393"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/393\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":394,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/393\/revisions\/394"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=393"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=393"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=393"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}