{"id":3963,"date":"2024-07-30T01:01:51","date_gmt":"2024-07-30T01:01:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=3963"},"modified":"2024-07-30T01:01:51","modified_gmt":"2024-07-30T01:01:51","slug":"the-aztec-tower-of-skulls-a-grisly-monument-to-ritual-sacrifice","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/archaeology\/the-aztec-tower-of-skulls-a-grisly-monument-to-ritual-sacrifice\/","title":{"rendered":"Th\u00e1p \u0110\u1ea7u L\u00e2u Aztec: Di t\u00edch gh\u00ea r\u1ee3n v\u1ec1 nghi l\u1ec5 hi\u1ebfn t\u1ebf"},"content":{"rendered":"

Th\u00e1p \u0110\u1ea7u L\u00e2u Aztec: Di t\u00edch gh\u00ea r\u1ee3n v\u1ec1 nghi l\u1ec5 hi\u1ebfn t\u1ebf<\/h2>\n\n

Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 Huey Tzompantli<\/h2>\n\n

N\u0103m 2015, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 \u0111ang khai qu\u1eadt t\u1ea1i Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Mexico \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecnh c\u1edd ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 kinh ho\u00e0ng: m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00f2a th\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1eb1ng h\u1ed9p s\u1ecd ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Huey Tzompantli, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong b\u1ea3y t\u00f2a th\u00e1p nh\u01b0 v\u1eady t\u1eebng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf kinh \u0111\u00f4 Tenochtitlan c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Aztec.<\/p>\n\n

Huey Tzompantli l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n g\u1ea7n t\u00e0n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a Templo Mayor, m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho th\u1ea7n chi\u1ebfn tranh Huitzilopochtli v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n m\u01b0a Tlaloc. T\u00f2a th\u00e1p c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh kho\u1ea3ng 16,4 feet. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng theo ba giai \u0111o\u1ea1n, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 cai tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Tlatoani Ahu\u00edzotl, t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1486 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1502.<\/p>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Huey Tzompantli<\/h2>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng h\u1ed9p s\u1ecd trong Huey Tzompantli thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb hi\u1ebfn t\u1ebf d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi tr\u1ecb v\u00ec c\u1ee7a Ahu\u00edzotl, v\u1ecb vua th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Aztec. Ban \u0111\u1ea7u, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc tin r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng h\u1ed9p s\u1ecd n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfn binh nam b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ed9p s\u1ecd c\u0169ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef v\u00e0 tr\u1ebb em.<\/p>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n b\u1ecb b\u1eaft l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 v\u1eadt hi\u1ebfn t\u1ebf. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0i c\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a \u00edt nh\u1ea5t ba \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb trong t\u00f2a th\u00e1p, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a r\u0103ng.<\/p>\n\n

\u00dd ngh\u0129a nghi l\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a Huey Tzompantli<\/h2>\n\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Aztec, hi\u1ebfn t\u1ebf nghi l\u1ec5 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef cho c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. Huey Tzompantli l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a ni\u1ec1m tin n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng h\u1ed9p s\u1ecd trong t\u00f2a th\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n b\u00ean trong l\u1edbn, n\u00e2ng l\u00ean v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng theo t\u1eebng v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n. C\u00e1ch s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n

S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y v\u00e0 t\u00e1i kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 Huey Tzompantli<\/h2>\n\n

Huey Tzompantli \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb chinh ph\u1ea1t T\u00e2y Ban Nha v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng minh b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1500. C\u00e1c t\u00f2a th\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb d\u1ee1 b\u1ecf v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n kh\u1eafp khu v\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n

Huey Tzompantli \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2015 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tr\u00f9ng tu m\u1ed9t t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a kinh \u0111\u00f4 Aztec. T\u00f2a th\u00e1p hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t di t\u00edch kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m thu h\u00fat kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng.<\/p>\n\n

Di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Huey Tzompantli<\/h2>\n\n

Huey Tzompantli l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u1ec1 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh Aztec v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. T\u00f2a th\u00e1p l\u00e0 minh ch\u1ee9ng cho k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Aztec v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c tin kh\u00f4ng lay chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0o c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n\n

Huey Tzompantli c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u1ed1i h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a Aztec. T\u00f2a th\u00e1p l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ebfn t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Aztec.<\/p>\n\n

Ghi ch\u00e9p c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y Ban Nha v\u1ec1 Huey Tzompantli<\/h2>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb chinh ph\u1ea1t T\u00e2y Ban Nha Hern\u00e1n Cort\u00e9s, Bernal D\u00edaz del Castillo v\u00e0 Andr\u00e9s de Tapia \u0111\u00e3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed9p s\u1ecd c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Aztec trong c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c chinh ph\u1ee5c khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y. De Tapia k\u1ec3 r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Aztec \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c ngh\u00ecn h\u1ed9p s\u1ecd “tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 h\u00e1t r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng v\u00f4i v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1, v\u00e0 tr\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u1eadc thang c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e2u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn v\u00e0o v\u00f4i v\u1edbi h\u00e0m r\u0103ng h\u01b0\u1edbng ra ngo\u00e0i”.<\/p>\n\n

\u00dd ngh\u0129a kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Huey Tzompantli<\/h2>\n\n

Huey Tzompantli l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t \u1edf Mexico trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y. T\u00f2a th\u00e1p cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Aztec. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Th\u00e1p \u0110\u1ea7u L\u00e2u Aztec: Di t\u00edch gh\u00ea r\u1ee3n v\u1ec1 nghi l\u1ec5 hi\u1ebfn t\u1ebf Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 Huey Tzompantli N\u0103m 2015, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 \u0111ang khai qu\u1eadt t\u1ea1i Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Mexico…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":23977,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[191],"tags":[7373,7374,7371,7372,5754,7375,7376],"class_list":["post-3963","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-archaeology","tag-ritual-sacrifice","tag-skulls","tag-human-sacrifice","tag-mesoamerican-archaeology","tag-aztec-civilization","tag-tenochtitlan","tag-tower-of-skulls"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3963","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3963"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3963\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3964,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3963\/revisions\/3964"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23977"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3963"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3963"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3963"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}