{"id":3996,"date":"2020-03-14T18:20:12","date_gmt":"2020-03-14T18:20:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=3996"},"modified":"2020-03-14T18:20:12","modified_gmt":"2020-03-14T18:20:12","slug":"underwater-volcanoes-decoding-the-sounds-of-the-deep","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/earth-science\/underwater-volcanoes-decoding-the-sounds-of-the-deep\/","title":{"rendered":"N\u00fai l\u1eeda d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc: Gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 \u00e2m thanh c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00e2u"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00e1c n\u00fai l\u1eeda d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc: Gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 \u00e2m thanh c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00e2u<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">N\u00fai l\u1eeda d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n\n<p>N\u00fai l\u1eeda d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc, hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 n\u00fai l\u1eeda ng\u1ea7m, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai l\u1eeda h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 phun tr\u00e0o b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ch\u00fang chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00fai l\u1eeda tr\u00ean h\u00e0nh tinh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, v\u1edbi \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh kho\u1ea3ng 70% c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 phun tr\u00e0o n\u00fai l\u1eeda x\u1ea3y ra d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c khi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00fai l\u1eeda d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/h2>\n\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00fai l\u1eeda d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1eb7t ra nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t do \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh em tr\u00ean c\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan s\u00e1t v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, n\u00fai l\u1eeda ng\u1ea7m \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb xa (ROV)<\/h2>\n\n<p>M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00fai l\u1eeda d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb xa (ROV). Nh\u1eefng t\u00e0u ng\u1ea7m kh\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb camera, c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb v\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00e2u.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t \u00e2m thanh<\/h2>\n\n<p>M\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00fai l\u1eeda d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t \u00e2m thanh. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ghi l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u00e2m thanh do c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 phun tr\u00e0o n\u00fai l\u1eeda t\u1ea1o ra, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 lo\u1ea1i, c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00c2m thanh c\u1ee7a n\u00fai l\u1eeda d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/h2>\n\n<p>N\u00fai l\u1eeda d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i \u00e2m thanh, m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n phun tr\u00e0o magma:<\/strong> Nh\u1eefng v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e1 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 th\u1ea5p, ng\u1eafn.<\/li>\n<li><strong>S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng b\u1ecdt kh\u00ed:<\/strong> S\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng b\u1ecdt kh\u00ed t\u1eeb c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 th\u00f4ng h\u01a1i c\u1ee7a n\u00fai l\u1eeda t\u1ea1o ra \u00e2m thanh t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 cao, b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng r\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i trong v\u00e0i ph\u00fat.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u00e2m thanh \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00fai l\u1eeda d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/h2>\n\n<p>B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u00e2m thanh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i phun tr\u00e0o n\u00fai l\u1eeda kh\u00e1c nhau, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u00e2m thanh \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00fai l\u1eeda ng\u1ea7m t\u1eeb xa. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u1eefu \u00edch \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u00fai l\u1eeda n\u1eb1m \u1edf nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c s\u00e2u ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">M\u1ed1i nguy hi\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a n\u00fai l\u1eeda d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/h2>\n\n<p>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 n\u00fai l\u1eeda d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang c\u0169ng g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>S\u00f3ng th\u1ea7n:<\/strong> C\u00e1c v\u1ee5 phun tr\u00e0o n\u00fai l\u1eeda ng\u1ea7m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c tr\u1eadn s\u00f3ng th\u1ea7n m\u1ea1nh c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ven bi\u1ec3n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>C\u00e1 ch\u1ebft h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t:<\/strong> Kh\u00ed n\u00fai l\u1eeda v\u00e0 tro c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft c\u00e1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt bi\u1ec3n kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<li><strong>H\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea3o:<\/strong> Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, n\u00fai l\u1eeda d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ea3o m\u1edbi ho\u1eb7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3o hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i do n\u00fai l\u1eeda d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc g\u00e2y ra<\/h2>\n\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro do n\u00fai l\u1eeda d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc g\u00e2y ra l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111ang n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o s\u1edbm v\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c nh\u1eb1m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ven bi\u1ec3n kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i nguy hi\u1ec3m ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p: N\u00fai l\u1eeda West Mata<\/h2>\n\n<p>M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai l\u1eeda d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 West Mata, n\u1eb1m \u1edf Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng. N\u0103m 2009, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ROV \u0111\u1ec3 ghi l\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh quay v\u1ec1 hai lo\u1ea1i phun tr\u00e0o \u1edf West Mata: s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n phun tr\u00e0o magma v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng b\u1ecdt kh\u00ed. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u00e2m thanh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng v\u1ee5 phun tr\u00e0o n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a n\u00fai l\u1eeda ng\u1ea7m.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n\n<p>N\u00fai l\u1eeda d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn v\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh tinh ch\u00fang ta. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai l\u1eeda n\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u00e2m thanh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111ang c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 v\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00e2u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro m\u00e0 ch\u00fang g\u00e2y ra.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>C\u00e1c n\u00fai l\u1eeda d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc: Gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 \u00e2m thanh c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00e2u N\u00fai l\u1eeda d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 g\u00ec? N\u00fai l\u1eeda d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc, hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 n\u00fai l\u1eeda ng\u1ea7m,&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[212],"tags":[7436,362,7435,7437,7434],"class_list":["post-3996","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-earth-science","tag-acoustic-monitoring","tag-ocean-exploration","tag-volcanic-eruptions","tag-remotely-operated-vehicles","tag-underwater-volcanoes"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3996","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3996"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3996\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3997,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3996\/revisions\/3997"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3996"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3996"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3996"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}