{"id":4014,"date":"2022-05-28T11:07:15","date_gmt":"2022-05-28T11:07:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=4014"},"modified":"2022-05-28T11:07:15","modified_gmt":"2022-05-28T11:07:15","slug":"antikythera-mechanism-ancient-astronomical-marvel","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/archaeology\/antikythera-mechanism-ancient-astronomical-marvel\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf Antikythera: M\u1ed9t k\u1ef3 quan thi\u00ean v\u0103n c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i"},"content":{"rendered":"

C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf Antikythera: M\u1ed9t k\u1ef3 quan thi\u00ean v\u0103n c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i<\/h2>\n\n

Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/h2>\n\n

N\u0103m 1901, x\u00e1c m\u1ed9t con t\u00e0u \u0111\u1eafm ngo\u00e0i kh\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea3o Crete \u0111\u00e3 mang \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c: C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf Antikythera. Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0y, bao g\u1ed3m 82 m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ecb \u0103n m\u00f2n, \u0111\u00e3 thu h\u00fat c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u1eed h\u1ecdc. Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp r\u00e1p, n\u00f3 h\u00e9 l\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y t\u00ednh thi\u00ean v\u0103n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, c\u00f3 37 b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng theo d\u00f5i m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh tinh.<\/p>\n\n

N\u00e2ng cao so v\u1edbi th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i<\/h2>\n\n

C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf Antikythera c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 h\u01a1n 1.000 n\u0103m. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 h\u01a1n 2.000 n\u0103m tu\u1ed5i, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 tinh vi c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c khoa h\u1ecdc v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 so v\u1edbi th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n

X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf Antikythera. Ban \u0111\u1ea7u, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ecbnh tu\u1ed5i b\u1eb1ng carbon ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng ch\u1eef ti\u1ebfng Hy L\u1ea1p cho th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb 100 \u0111\u1ebfn 150 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t l\u1ecbch d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n nh\u1eadt th\u1ef1c tr\u00ean thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea9y l\u00f9i ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i n\u0103m 205 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n

Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o<\/h2>\n\n

Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf Antikythera v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00ed \u1ea9n. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 chuy\u00ean gia tin r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc Hy L\u1ea1p huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i Archimedes, Hipparchus ho\u1eb7c Posidonius. C\u00e1c d\u00f2ng ch\u1eef tr\u00ean thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb g\u1ee3i \u00fd r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o t\u1ea1i Rhodes, m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n

\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Babylon<\/h2>\n\n

L\u1ecbch d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n nh\u1eadt th\u1ef1c tr\u00ean C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf Antikythera s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Babylon, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e9p l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hy L\u1ea1p. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Babylon c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n

Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng<\/h2>\n\n

C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf Antikythera l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y t\u00ednh thi\u00ean v\u0103n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n nh\u1eadt th\u1ef1c, theo d\u00f5i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh tinh, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u00ednh to\u00e1n ng\u00e0y di\u1ec5n ra c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c thi \u0111\u1ea5u th\u1ec3 thao. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng suy \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00e1c l\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5c d\u1ef1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf Antikythera cho th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9p \u0111\u1ef1ng gi\u00e0y, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t s\u1ed1 \u1edf b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p b\u00ean trong. C\u00e1c d\u00f2ng ch\u1eef m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a sao H\u1ecfa, sao M\u1ed9c v\u00e0 sao Th\u1ed5.<\/p>\n\n

C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y<\/h2>\n\n

Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u00e0n th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e3 quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m x\u00e1c t\u00e0u \u0111\u1eafm Antikythera b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 “trang ph\u1ee5c l\u1eb7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1eb7c”. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 thu h\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f9ng tr\u00ean b\u00e0n \u0103n, c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a con t\u00e0u v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn gi\u00e1o b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c l\u1eb7n trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf th\u00eam v\u1ec1 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n

C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf Antikythera v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed khoa h\u1ecdc<\/h2>\n\n

C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf Antikythera cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 minh ch\u1ee9ng cho s\u1ef1 kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o v\u00e0 \u00f3c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean ch\u00fang ta. \u00dd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thi\u00ean v\u0103n, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n cho ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh theo \u0111u\u1ed5i tri th\u1ee9c.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf Antikythera: M\u1ed9t k\u1ef3 quan thi\u00ean v\u0103n c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a N\u0103m 1901, x\u00e1c m\u1ed9t con t\u00e0u \u0111\u1eafm ngo\u00e0i kh\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea3o Crete \u0111\u00e3 mang \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[191],"tags":[7461,2313,1797,435,7460],"class_list":["post-4014","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archaeology","tag-bronze-age-technology","tag-ancient-greece","tag-history-of-science","tag-astronomy","tag-babylonian-mathematics"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4014","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4014"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4014\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4015,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4014\/revisions\/4015"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4014"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4014"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4014"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}