{"id":4020,"date":"2022-10-19T13:44:34","date_gmt":"2022-10-19T13:44:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=4020"},"modified":"2022-10-19T13:44:34","modified_gmt":"2022-10-19T13:44:34","slug":"women-inventors-overcoming-obstacles-shaping-modern-world","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/women-in-science\/women-inventors-overcoming-obstacles-shaping-modern-world\/","title":{"rendered":"Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh n\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh: V\u01b0\u1ee3t qua r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/h2>\n\n

Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef ti\u00ean phong trong \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi<\/h2>\n\n

Trong su\u1ed1t chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p to l\u1edbn cho khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi v\u00f4 v\u00e0n tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i, nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh phi th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y v\u1eabn ki\u00ean tr\u00ec v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 phai m\u1edd tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n\n

Evelyn Berezin: M\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/h2>\n\n

Evelyn Berezin, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c do nam gi\u1edbi th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb, \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00ean phong trong khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. N\u0103m 1951, b\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nguy\u00ean m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u0103n b\u1ea3n, m\u00e3i m\u00e3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c th\u01b0 k\u00fd v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n\n

Katherine Burr Blodgett: Nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh ra k\u00ednh ch\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3n quang<\/h2>\n\n

Nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd h\u1ecdc ki\u00eam nh\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc Katherine Burr Blodgett \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra k\u00ednh ch\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3n quang, m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho k\u00ednh m\u1eaft, \u1ed1ng k\u00ednh m\u00e1y \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c. Ph\u00e1t minh c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta nh\u00ecn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n

Mary Beatrice Davidson Kenner: M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh ti\u00ean phong<\/h2>\n\n

Mary Beatrice Davidson Kenner, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef M\u1ef9 g\u1ed1c Phi, n\u1eafm gi\u1eef k\u1ef7 l\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t cho b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef M\u1ef9 g\u1ed1c Phi n\u00e0o. Ph\u00e1t minh n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 l\u00e0 v\u00e0nh \u0111ai v\u1ec7 sinh, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a v\u1ec7 sinh kinh nguy\u1ec7t m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ban \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i do \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n\n

Mary Sherman Morgan: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00ean phong v\u1ec1 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u t\u00ean l\u1eeda<\/h2>\n\n

Trong K\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean kh\u00f4ng gian, Mary Sherman Morgan \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0o qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc trong khoa k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, b\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n hydine, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u t\u00ean l\u1eeda \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho v\u1ec7 tinh M\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, Explorer I.<\/p>\n\n

Katsuko Saruhashi: Nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00ed h\u1eadu \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/h2>\n\n

Katsuko Saruhashi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 cho nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00ed h\u1eadu \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng. B\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 carbon dioxide trong n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n, cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc theo d\u00f5i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh axit h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i bi\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n\n

\u0110\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai<\/h2>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh l\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed, thi\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c. B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i n\u00e0y, h\u1ecd v\u1eabn ki\u00ean tr\u00ec v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c. C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua ngh\u1ecbch c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 theo \u0111u\u1ed5i \u01b0\u1edbc m\u01a1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n

N\u00eau b\u1eadt nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef<\/h2>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh l\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qua ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 th\u1ea5p. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00eau b\u1eadt nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 t\u00f4n vinh di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd m\u00e0 c\u00f2n trao quy\u1ec1n cho c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai theo \u0111u\u1ed5i s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p trong khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n

Trao quy\u1ec1n cho ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef trong STEM<\/h2>\n\n

\u0110\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng STEM to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n h\u01a1n, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n, h\u1ecdc b\u1ed5ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch gi\u1edbi trong gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 n\u01a1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c.<\/p>\n\n

Truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 ti\u1ebfp theo<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh l\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd cho c\u00e1c b\u00e9 g\u00e1i v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef tr\u1ebb. Khi t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ki\u00ean tr\u00ec v\u00e0 tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 theo \u0111u\u1ed5i \u0111am m\u00ea c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh: V\u01b0\u1ee3t qua r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef ti\u00ean phong trong \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi Trong su\u1ed1t chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, v\u00f4…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1137],"tags":[497,37,434,1797,594,211,1302],"class_list":["post-4020","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-women-in-science","tag-technology","tag-innovation","tag-space-exploration","tag-history-of-science","tag-womens-empowerment","tag-women-in-stem","tag-oceanography"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4020","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4020"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4020\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4021,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4020\/revisions\/4021"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4020"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4020"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4020"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}