{"id":4022,"date":"2020-01-30T07:33:40","date_gmt":"2020-01-30T07:33:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=4022"},"modified":"2020-01-30T07:33:40","modified_gmt":"2020-01-30T07:33:40","slug":"broken-window-theory-debunked","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/criminology\/broken-window-theory-debunked\/","title":{"rendered":"Broken Window Theory: A Critical Examination"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Thuy\u1ebft c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 b\u1ecb v\u1ee1: C\u00f3 sai l\u1ea7m?<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Thuy\u1ebft c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 b\u1ecb v\u1ee1 l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n\n<p>Thuy\u1ebft c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 b\u1ecb v\u1ee1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m h\u1ecdc cho r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c gi\u1eef g\u00ecn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd v\u00e0 ng\u0103n n\u1eafp s\u1ebd ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i. H\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980 v\u00e0 1990, v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 New York \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c tu\u1ea7n tra c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Malcolm Gladwell v\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 b\u1ecb v\u1ee1<\/h2>\n\n<p>Nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o Malcolm Gladwell \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn thuy\u1ebft c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 b\u1ecb v\u1ee1 trong cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch &#8220;\u0110i\u1ec3m b\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t&#8221; xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 2000 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Trong cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch, Gladwell l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u1ec1 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m \u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 New York v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edbi th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c thuy\u1ebft c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 b\u1ecb v\u1ee1<\/h2>\n\n<p>Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a thuy\u1ebft c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 b\u1ecb v\u1ee1. M\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed &#8220;Justice Quarterly&#8221; c\u1ee7a David Greenberg, gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc New York, \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u1ec1 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m \u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 New York trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 do CompStat, c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a s\u1edf c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 New York \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean thuy\u1ebft c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 b\u1ecb v\u1ee1.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/h2>\n\n<p>Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Greenberg ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 n\u00e0o gi\u1eefa vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ef1c thi c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi vi ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m c\u00e1c c\u00e1o bu\u1ed9c tr\u1ecdng t\u1ed9i.<\/li>\n<li>S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 b\u1ea3n \u00e1n t\u00f9 d\u00e0nh cho t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi vi ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng \u1edf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c tr\u1eeb 11 khu v\u1ef1c trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y.<\/li>\n<li>T\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t \u0111ang gi\u1ea3m, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 b\u1ecf t\u00f9 ho\u1eb7c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ef1c thi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n n\u00e0o d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m \u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 New York?<\/h2>\n\n<p>Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Greenberg kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m \u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 New York v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u00f4ng g\u1ee3i \u00fd r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nh\u1eefng h\u00e0m \u00fd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c tu\u1ea7n tra<\/h2>\n\n<p>Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Greenberg c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c tu\u1ea7n tra. Ch\u00fang cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c thi c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 b\u1ecb v\u1ee1, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c s\u1edf c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n\n<p>Thuy\u1ebft c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 b\u1ecb v\u1ee1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m \u1edf m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y. C\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u00eam nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0o ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cho s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m \u1edf c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Thuy\u1ebft c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 b\u1ecb v\u1ee1: C\u00f3 sai l\u1ea7m? Thuy\u1ebft c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 b\u1ecb v\u1ee1 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Thuy\u1ebft c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 b\u1ecb v\u1ee1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m h\u1ecdc cho r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7469],"tags":[7467,7466,7040,7468,1515],"class_list":["post-4022","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-criminology","tag-broken-window-theory","tag-policing","tag-urban-environments","tag-social-science","tag-crime"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4022","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4022"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4022\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4023,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4022\/revisions\/4023"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4022"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4022"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4022"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}