{"id":4028,"date":"2024-05-15T13:20:02","date_gmt":"2024-05-15T13:20:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=4028"},"modified":"2024-05-15T13:20:02","modified_gmt":"2024-05-15T13:20:02","slug":"drought-and-assassination-in-ancient-rome","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/history-of-science\/drought-and-assassination-in-ancient-rome\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u1ea1n h\u00e1n v\u00e0 \u00e1m s\u00e1t: M\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u1ea9n gi\u1ea5u trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed La M\u00e3"},"content":{"rendered":"

H\u1ea1n h\u00e1n v\u00e0 \u00e1m s\u00e1t: M\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u1ea9n gi\u1ea5u trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed La M\u00e3<\/h2>\n\n

L\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf<\/h2>\n\n

\u0110\u1ebf ch\u1ebf La M\u00e3, m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn v\u00e0 h\u00f9ng m\u1ea1nh, kh\u00f4ng xa l\u1ea1 g\u00ec v\u1edbi b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. C\u00e1c ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi cai tr\u1ecb t\u1ed1i cao c\u1ee7a v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn n\u00e0y, th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, trong \u0111\u00f3 \u00e1m s\u00e1t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n ch\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y: h\u1ea1n h\u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a th\u1ea5p \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a La M\u00e3, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 Gaul (nay l\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p) v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u00e1m s\u00e1t ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf t\u0103ng l\u00ean. M\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y h\u1ea1n h\u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n g\u00e2y ra t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n trong qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng g\u00e2y nguy hi\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n\n

C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf: H\u1ea1n h\u00e1n, n\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3i v\u00e0 binh bi\u1ebfn<\/h2>\n\n

H\u1ea1n h\u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i La M\u00e3. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a gi\u1ea3m c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u00f9a m\u00e0ng k\u00e9m, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3i v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c tr\u00ean di\u1ec7n r\u1ed9ng. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh \u0111ang ch\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3i, x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf, tr\u1edf n\u00ean b\u1ed3n ch\u1ed3n v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n. Nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c binh bi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3t n\u00f3, l\u00e0m suy y\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf v\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn \u00f4ng ta d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb \u00e1m s\u00e1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n

Tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Gordian: M\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh<\/h2>\n\n

Tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Gordian, cai tr\u1ecb La M\u00e3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 235 \u0111\u1ebfn 285 sau C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 ch\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1n h\u00e1n. Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng h\u1ea1n h\u00e1n nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t m\u00f9a tr\u00ean di\u1ec7n r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c. T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 do h\u1ea1n h\u00e1n g\u00e2y ra \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o v\u1ee5 \u00e1m s\u00e1t 14 trong s\u1ed1 26 ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf Gordian.<\/p>\n\n

Vitellius: M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 bi th\u1ea3m<\/h2>\n\n

Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf Vitellius, l\u00ean ng\u00f4i v\u00e0o n\u0103m 69 sau C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh cho gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng h\u1ea1n h\u00e1n \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 trong c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 \u00e1m s\u00e1t ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u00ean n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n, Vitellius l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00f2ng d\u00e2n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e2n l\u00ednh qu\u00fd m\u1ebfn. Tuy nhi\u00ean, sau khi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf, \u00f4ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u00e0n nh\u1eabn v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng xa hoa, khi\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 m\u00ecnh xa l\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n\n

Khi m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn h\u1ea1n h\u00e1n nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi La M\u00e3, s\u1ef1 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a Vitellius \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m m\u1ea1nh. Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, b\u1ecb suy y\u1ebfu v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3i v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00ec h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n v\u00e0 l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5 \u00f4ng. Vitellius b\u1ecb \u00e1m s\u00e1t d\u00e3 man tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1 Rome, m\u1ed9t n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n bi th\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n\n

C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c<\/h2>\n\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 h\u1ea1n h\u00e1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 \u00e1m s\u00e1t ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf La M\u00e3, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 duy nh\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, suy tho\u00e1i kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn tranh b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2. Tuy nhi\u00ean, h\u1ecd kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng h\u1ea1n h\u00e1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qua \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n ch\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n

\u00dd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/h2>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p gi\u1eefa bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Khi bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ea1n h\u00e1n th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean v\u00e0 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c gia t\u0103ng \u1edf c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n\n

Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed gi\u1eefa c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

H\u1ea1n h\u00e1n v\u00e0 \u00e1m s\u00e1t: M\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u1ea9n gi\u1ea5u trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed La M\u00e3 L\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf \u0110\u1ebf ch\u1ebf La M\u00e3, m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":23379,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[61],"tags":[34,3554,2990,620,27,7472,7473],"class_list":["post-4028","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-history-of-science","tag-climate-change","tag-famine","tag-drought","tag-ancient-rome","tag-history","tag-political-instability","tag-roman-emperors"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4028","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4028"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4028\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4029,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4028\/revisions\/4029"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23379"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4028"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4028"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4028"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}