{"id":4032,"date":"2022-05-21T22:25:30","date_gmt":"2022-05-21T22:25:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=4032"},"modified":"2022-05-21T22:25:30","modified_gmt":"2022-05-21T22:25:30","slug":"anti-fascism-a-history-of-resistance-to-tyranny","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/life\/social-justice\/anti-fascism-a-history-of-resistance-to-tyranny\/","title":{"rendered":"Ph\u1ea3n ph\u00e1t x\u00edt: L\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 chuy\u00ean quy\u1ec1n"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ph\u1ea3n ph\u00e1t x\u00edt: L\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 chuy\u00ean quy\u1ec1n<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ph\u1ea3n ph\u00e1t x\u00edt l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n\n<p>Ph\u1ea3n ph\u00e1t x\u00edt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ph\u00e1t x\u00edt, m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec1 cao nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ph\u00e1t x\u00edt th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c, b\u00e0i ngo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3n ph\u00e1t x\u00edt tin r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00e1p b\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ph\u1ea3n ph\u00e1t x\u00edt<\/h2>\n\n<p>Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ph\u1ea3n ph\u00e1t x\u00edt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, khi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ph\u00e1t x\u00edt b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady \u1edf \u00dd v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c. N\u0103m 1921, nh\u00f3m ph\u1ea3n ph\u00e1t x\u00edt \u00dd Arditi del Popolo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng gia t\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ph\u00e1t x\u00edt.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ph\u1ea3n ph\u00e1t x\u00edt trong th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n<\/h2>\n\n<p>Trong su\u1ed1t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3n ph\u00e1t x\u00edt \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ph\u00e1t x\u00edt theo nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau, bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp:<\/strong> Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3n ph\u00e1t x\u00edt th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh, di\u1ec5u h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 t\u1ea9y chay, \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t x\u00edt v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn v\u0169 trang:<\/strong> Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3n ph\u00e1t x\u00edt \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn v\u0169 trang \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ph\u00e1t x\u00edt. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong N\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn T\u00e2y Ban Nha, c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea3n ph\u00e1t x\u00edt \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t x\u00edt c\u1ee7a T\u01b0\u1edbng Franco.<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng:<\/strong> Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3n ph\u00e1t x\u00edt c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ph\u00e1t x\u00edt. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ph\u00e1t x\u00edt v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ph\u1ea3n ph\u00e1t x\u00edt v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c<\/h2>\n\n<p>Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ph\u1ea3n ph\u00e1t x\u00edt lu\u00f4n g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c. C\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t x\u00edt th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 b\u00e0i ngo\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3n ph\u00e1t x\u00edt tin r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ph\u00e1t x\u00edt l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ph\u1ea3n ph\u00e1t x\u00edt trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 21<\/h2>\n\n<p>Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ph\u1ea3n ph\u00e1t x\u00edt v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan v\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 21. Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ph\u00e1t x\u00edt \u0111ang tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3n ph\u00e1t x\u00edt \u0111ang n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ph\u1ea3n ph\u00e1t x\u00edt ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t<\/h2>\n\n<p>Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ph\u1ea3n ph\u00e1t x\u00edt ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 21, bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>S\u1ef1 tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady c\u1ee7a c\u1ef1c h\u1eefu:<\/strong> C\u1ef1c h\u1eefu \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1t x\u00edt v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo thuy\u1ebft da tr\u1eafng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1eb3ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>S\u1ef1 lan truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a th\u00f4ng tin sai l\u1ec7ch:<\/strong> Th\u00f4ng tin sai l\u1ec7ch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3n ph\u00e1t x\u00edt v\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n ph\u00e1t x\u00edt v\u00e0 tuy\u1ec3n d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean m\u1edbi.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Thi\u1ebfu \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft:<\/strong> Gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m ph\u1ea3n ph\u00e1t x\u00edt c\u00f2n thi\u1ebfu \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n cho vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ph\u00e1t x\u00edt m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">T\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ph\u1ea3n ph\u00e1t x\u00edt<\/h2>\n\n<p>B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ph\u1ea3n ph\u00e1t x\u00edt v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o quan tr\u1ecdng trong cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ph\u00e1t x\u00edt v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3n ph\u00e1t x\u00edt \u0111ang n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd cam k\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ph\u00e1t x\u00edt d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ecdi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ph\u1ea3n ph\u00e1t x\u00edt: L\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 chuy\u00ean quy\u1ec1n Ph\u1ea3n ph\u00e1t x\u00edt l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Ph\u1ea3n ph\u00e1t x\u00edt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ph\u00e1t&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2233],"tags":[489,1368,527,27,7476,4829],"class_list":["post-4032","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-social-justice","tag-politics","tag-activism","tag-social-justice","tag-history","tag-anti-fascism","tag-resistance"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4032","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4032"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4032\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4033,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4032\/revisions\/4033"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4032"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4032"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4032"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}