{"id":4109,"date":"2024-06-19T02:41:35","date_gmt":"2024-06-19T02:41:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=4109"},"modified":"2024-06-19T02:41:35","modified_gmt":"2024-06-19T02:41:35","slug":"learning-brain-expansion-refinement","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/neuroscience\/learning-brain-expansion-refinement\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u1ecdc t\u1eadp: M\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 tinh ch\u1ec9nh b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o"},"content":{"rendered":"

H\u1ecdc t\u1eadp: M\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 tinh ch\u1ec9nh b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o<\/h2>\n\n

T\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 d\u1ebbo c\u1ee7a n\u00e3o: Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a n\u00e3o<\/h2>\n\n

B\u1ed9 n\u00e3o con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 quan c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, li\u00ean t\u1ee5c thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 th\u00edch nghi \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 d\u1ebbo c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ea7n kinh<\/strong>, cho ph\u00e9p n\u00e3o h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng m\u1edbi, ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i sau t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c trong su\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n

H\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch n\u00e3o b\u1ed9<\/h2>\n\n

M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 d\u1ebbo th\u1ea7n kinh l\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 t\u00edch n\u00e3o b\u1ed9. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn n\u00e3o ph\u00ecnh to<\/strong> ho\u1eb7c t\u0103ng v\u1ec1 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc. Tuy nhi\u00ean, h\u1ecd c\u0169ng quan s\u00e1t th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 ph\u00ecnh to n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n co l\u1ea1i<\/strong>, ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3m k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n

Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh “th\u1eed gi\u1ecdng”<\/h2>\n\n

\u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u t\u1ea1i sao n\u00e3o l\u1ea1i tr\u1ea3i qua nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 c\u1eaft t\u1ec9a n\u01a1-ron<\/strong>. Gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y cho r\u1eb1ng khi ch\u00fang ta h\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi, n\u00e3o s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn c\u00e1c n\u01a1-ron m\u1edbi ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o n\u00e3o. Nh\u1eefng n\u01a1-ron m\u1edbi n\u00e0y sau \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh “th\u1eed gi\u1ecdng”, trong \u0111\u00f3 n\u00e3o s\u1ebd \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n\n

C\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o th\u1eeba<\/h2>\n\n

Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1eed gi\u1ecdng n\u00e0y, n\u00e3o x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c n\u01a1-ron hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i ch\u00fang, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1-ron k\u00e9m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1eaft t\u1ec9a n\u00e0y gi\u00fap t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a n\u00e3o, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft nh\u1ea5t m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n

N\u00e3o ph\u00ecnh to v\u00e0 co l\u1ea1i<\/h2>\n\n

S\u1ef1 ph\u00ecnh to ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a n\u00e3o trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho s\u1ef1 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c n\u01a1-ron th\u1eeba. Khi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1eaft t\u1ec9a di\u1ec5n ra, n\u00e3o co l\u1ea1i<\/strong> tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. S\u1ef1 co l\u1ea1i n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh s\u1ef1 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c n\u01a1-ron th\u1eeba.<\/p>\n\n

B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng tay tr\u00e1i<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa s\u1ef1 ph\u00ecnh to c\u1ee7a n\u00e3o v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc. Trong m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng tay tr\u00e1i, v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 tay thu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Qu\u00e9t MRI cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng v\u00f9ng n\u00e3o ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u01a1 b\u1eafp ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n<\/strong> t\u1eeb 2 \u0111\u1ebfn 3 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc. Tuy nhi\u00ean, sau khi giai \u0111o\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp k\u1ebft th\u00fac, th\u1ec3 t\u00edch n\u00e3o trong v\u00f9ng n\u00e0y co l\u1ea1i<\/strong> tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n

\u00dd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 d\u1ebbo th\u1ea7n kinh<\/h2>\n\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ph\u00ecnh to v\u00e0 co l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a n\u00e3o c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 d\u1ebbo th\u1ea7n kinh<\/strong>. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch nghi v\u00e0 t\u00e1i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a n\u00e3o li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 tinh ch\u1ec9nh.<\/p>\n\n

C\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng<\/h2>\n\n

Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 d\u1ebbo th\u1ea7n kinh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb m\u1edbi cho c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00e3o, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9t qu\u1ef5, b\u1ec7nh Alzheimer v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e3o. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a n\u00e3o, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i sau t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e3o v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh<\/h2>\n\n
    \n
  • H\u1ecdc t\u1eadp khi\u1ebfn n\u00e3o ban \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00ecnh to do s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c n\u01a1-ron m\u1edbi.<\/li>\n
  • Sau \u0111\u00f3, n\u00e3o tr\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1eaft t\u1ec9a c\u00e1c n\u01a1-ron, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c n\u01a1-ron k\u00e9m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n s\u1ebd b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf.<\/li>\n
  • Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1eaft t\u1ec9a n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3m th\u1ec3 t\u00edch n\u00e3o tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/li>\n
  • Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ph\u00ecnh to v\u00e0 co l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a n\u00e3o cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 d\u1ebbo th\u1ea7n kinh.<\/li>\n
  • Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 d\u1ebbo th\u1ea7n kinh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb m\u1edbi cho c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00e3o.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    H\u1ecdc t\u1eadp: M\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 tinh ch\u1ec9nh b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o T\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 d\u1ebbo c\u1ee7a n\u00e3o: Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a n\u00e3o B\u1ed9 n\u00e3o con…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":23670,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[411],"tags":[7583,7580,7582,4568,7581,99,6830,7584,2474],"class_list":["post-4109","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-neuroscience","tag-brain-changes","tag-brain-plasticity","tag-brain-volume","tag-cognitive-function","tag-learning","tag-lifescienceart","tag-neurons","tag-synapses","tag-neuroplasticity"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4109","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4109"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4109\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4110,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4109\/revisions\/4110"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23670"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4109"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4109"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4109"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}