{"id":4121,"date":"2024-06-24T03:00:43","date_gmt":"2024-06-24T03:00:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=4121"},"modified":"2024-06-24T03:00:43","modified_gmt":"2024-06-24T03:00:43","slug":"california-drought-unprecedented-1200-years","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/climate-science\/california-drought-unprecedented-1200-years\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u1ea1n h\u00e1n \u1edf California: Nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong h\u01a1n 1.200 n\u0103m"},"content":{"rendered":"

H\u1ea1n h\u00e1n t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 California: Ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3 trong 1.200 n\u0103m<\/h2>\n\n

Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00f2ng c\u00e2y ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/h2>\n\n

California hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang tr\u1ea3i qua \u0111\u1ee3t h\u1ea1n h\u00e1n t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t trong \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 1.200 n\u0103m, theo m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c ghi ch\u00e9p v\u1ec1 v\u00f2ng c\u00e2y. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Nature Climate Change, ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng h\u1ea1n h\u00e1n hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 “\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7 qua”.<\/p>\n\n

C\u00e1c v\u00f2ng c\u00e2y cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00ed h\u1eadu trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9. H\u00e0ng n\u0103m, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i c\u00e2y \u0111\u1eb7t xu\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi. Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00e2y s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, trong khi trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n h\u1ea1n h\u00e1n, c\u00e2y s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u00edt h\u01a1n. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c v\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i c\u00e2y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1ec1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4 h\u1ea1n trong c\u00e1c m\u00f9a sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 37 \u0111\u1ee3t h\u1ea1n h\u00e1n k\u00e9o d\u00e0i ba n\u0103m tr\u1edf l\u00ean, t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 800. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee3t h\u1ea1n h\u00e1n n\u00e0o trong s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec California \u0111ang ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n nay.<\/p>\n\n

M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3: S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/h2>\n\n

H\u1ea1n h\u00e1n hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng do s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1, bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a th\u1ea5p. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng n\u0103m c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4 h\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ee3t h\u1ea1n h\u00e1n n\u00e0y tr\u1edf n\u00ean wyj\u0105tkowe.<\/p>\n\n

Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng h\u1ea1n h\u00e1n Palmer (PDSI) l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1n h\u00e1n c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9. H\u1ea1n h\u00e1n hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00f3 PDSI l\u00e0 -14,55, cao h\u01a1n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 h\u1ea1n h\u00e1n n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n h\u00e1n k\u00e9o d\u00e0i h\u01a1n t\u1eeb 4 \u0111\u1ebfn 9 n\u0103m.<\/p>\n\n

Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1n h\u00e1n<\/h2>\n\n

Trong khi h\u1ea1n h\u00e1n hi\u1ec7n nay n\u1eb1m trong ph\u1ea1m vi bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u00fang trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee3t h\u1ea1n h\u00e1n th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean v\u00e0 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n \u1edf California v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n

“Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n lo\u1ea1i h\u1ea1n h\u00e1n n\u00e0y trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai”, Daniel Griffin, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, cho bi\u1ebft. “C\u00f3 l\u1ebd t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y”.<\/p>\n\n

T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1n h\u00e1n<\/h2>\n\n

H\u1ea1n h\u00e1n \u0111ang c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a California. C\u00e1c h\u1ed3 ch\u1ee9a \u0111ang c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m \u0111ang gi\u1ea3m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai c\u00f3 tuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee7 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u01a1 tr\u1ee5i. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u0111ang v\u1eadt l\u1ed9n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef cho c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ch\u1ebft, v\u00e0 c\u01b0 d\u00e2n \u0111ang ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng thi\u1ebfu n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n

H\u1ea1n h\u00e1n c\u0169ng \u0111ang c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec3u bang. Ng\u00e0nh du l\u1ecbch \u0111ang b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111ang \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda ho\u1eb7c sa th\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n. H\u1ea1n h\u00e1n c\u0169ng khi\u1ebfn ti\u1ec3u bang m\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng t\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f4 la doanh thu.<\/p>\n\n

C\u1ea7n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/h2>\n\n

H\u1ea1n h\u00e1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi California v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft l\u00e0 ti\u1ec3u bang ph\u1ea3i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1edbi v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu.<\/p>\n\n

B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ngay b\u00e2y gi\u1edd, California c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

H\u1ea1n h\u00e1n t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 California: Ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3 trong 1.200 n\u0103m Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00f2ng c\u00e2y ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed California hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang tr\u1ea3i qua \u0111\u1ee3t h\u1ea1n h\u00e1n t\u1ed3i…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":23734,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[284],"tags":[34,7598,180,7599,5785],"class_list":["post-4121","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-climate-science","tag-climate-change","tag-california-drought","tag-environmental-crisis","tag-tree-ring-analysis","tag-water-scarcity"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4121","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4121"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4121\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4122,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4121\/revisions\/4122"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23734"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4121"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4121"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4121"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}