{"id":4179,"date":"2024-07-01T03:38:19","date_gmt":"2024-07-01T03:38:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=4179"},"modified":"2024-07-01T03:38:19","modified_gmt":"2024-07-01T03:38:19","slug":"black-inventors-reshaping-american-industry","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/inventions-and-discoveries\/black-inventors-reshaping-american-industry\/","title":{"rendered":"Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh da \u0111en: \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i n\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p Hoa K\u1ef3"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh da \u0111en: \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i n\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p Hoa K\u1ef3<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u01b0\u1ee3t qua r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n: nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh da \u0111en trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Hoa K\u1ef3<\/h2>\n\n<p>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 b\u1ecb t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb mang t\u00ednh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh da \u0111en \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 trung t\u00e2m trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n b\u1ecb n\u00f4 d\u1ecbch, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 Ned v\u00e0 Benjamin Montgomery, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p to l\u1edbn nh\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t. Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh da \u0111en \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do, nh\u01b0 Thomas Jennings v\u00e0 Elijah McCoy, \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n v\u00e0 gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf cho nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t minh mang t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf mang t\u00ednh lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb<\/h2>\n\n<p>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, nh\u01b0ng ban \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 da \u0111en. N\u00f4 l\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf. Ngay c\u1ea3 sau khi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 b\u1ecb b\u00e3i b\u1ecf, c\u00e1c lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 v\u00e0 t\u1eadp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e3 ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh da \u0111en tham gia \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t minh \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p ngh\u1ecbch c\u1ea3nh<\/h2>\n\n<p>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh da \u0111en \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd cho n\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p Hoa K\u1ef3. Henry Boyd, m\u1ed9t c\u1ef1u n\u00f4 l\u1ec7, \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t minh ra &#8220;Boyd Bedstead&#8221;, m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc gi\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 d\u00e2y r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi da \u0111en v\u00e0 da tr\u1eafng. Benjamin Montgomery \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed9t ch\u00e2n v\u1ecbt t\u00e0u h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc cho v\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f4ng, c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a giao th\u00f4ng \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi da \u0111en<\/h2>\n\n<p>Di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh da \u0111en k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. Lonnie Johnson, nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh ra Super Soaker, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra doanh thu h\u00e0ng t\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f4 la v\u00e0 n\u1eafm gi\u1eef h\u01a1n 80 b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf. Bishop Curry V, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh 10 tu\u1ed5i, \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba tr\u1ebb em t\u1eed vong do v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qu\u00ean trong \u00f4 t\u00f4 n\u00f3ng. Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh l\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef da \u0111en, nh\u01b0 Lisa Ascolese v\u00e0 Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Hadiyah Green, c\u0169ng \u0111ang c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p to l\u1edbn trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ung th\u01b0.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf trong s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi da \u0111en<\/h2>\n\n<p>B\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1t minh v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi. Trong khi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh da \u0111en, th\u00ec ng\u00e0y nay n\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh cho nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u01b0\u1ee3t qua nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai<\/h2>\n\n<p>B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t, nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh da \u0111en \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ee9c b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u00ean tr\u00ec. Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t minh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ghi nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 t\u00f4n vinh nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n h\u01a1n cho s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh da \u0111en \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 cho n\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p Hoa K\u1ef3, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb mang t\u00ednh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n<li>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ban \u0111\u1ea7u mang t\u00ednh lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb, nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ec7n nay cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh da \u0111en \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/li>\n<li>Di s\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi da \u0111en v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/li>\n<li>V\u01b0\u1ee3t qua nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh da \u0111en: \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i n\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p Hoa K\u1ef3 V\u01b0\u1ee3t qua r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n: nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh da \u0111en trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Hoa K\u1ef3 M\u1eb7c&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":23772,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7669],"tags":[7665,7668,7666,7667,595],"class_list":["post-4179","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-inventions-and-discoveries","tag-black-inventors","tag-diversity-in-innovation","tag-american-innovation","tag-overcoming-barriers","tag-stem"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4179","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4179"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4179\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4180,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4179\/revisions\/4180"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23772"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4179"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4179"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4179"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}