{"id":4199,"date":"2021-06-14T09:28:20","date_gmt":"2021-06-14T09:28:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=4199"},"modified":"2021-06-14T09:28:20","modified_gmt":"2021-06-14T09:28:20","slug":"the-enigmatic-giants-how-sauropods-became-the-largest-land-animals","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/paleontology\/the-enigmatic-giants-how-sauropods-became-the-largest-land-animals\/","title":{"rendered":"Nh\u1eefng Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Kh\u1ed5ng L\u1ed3 B\u00ed \u1ea8n: Cu\u1ed9c Ti\u1ebfn H\u00f3a \u0110\u00e1ng Kinh Ng\u1ea1c C\u1ee7a Lo\u00e0i Kh\u1ee7ng Long Sauropod"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nh\u1eefng Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Kh\u1ed5ng L\u1ed3 B\u00ed \u1ea8n: C\u00e1ch Nh\u1eefng Con Sauropod Tr\u1edf Th\u00e0nh Nh\u1eefng \u0110\u1ed9ng V\u1eadt Tr\u00ean C\u1ea1n L\u1edbn Nh\u1ea5t<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00e2u \u0110\u1ed1 V\u1ec1 K\u00edch Th\u01b0\u1edbc C\u1ee7a Lo\u00e0i Sauropoda<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00e1c lo\u00e0i sauropod, nh\u1eefng con kh\u1ee7ng long c\u1ed5 d\u00e0i, l\u00e0m rung chuy\u1ec3n m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt tr\u00ean c\u1ea1n l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t t\u1eebng \u0111i tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i, nh\u01b0 Argentinosaurus v\u00e0 Supersaurus, d\u00e0i h\u01a1n 100 feet t\u00ednh t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111u\u00f4i. L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng sinh v\u1eadt kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc to l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady? C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 c\u1ed5 sinh v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n\n

K\u1ebf Ho\u1ea1ch C\u01a1 Th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 S\u1ef1 Th\u00edch Nghi<\/h2>\n\n

Lo\u00e0i sauropod c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1ecf, c\u1ed5 d\u00e0i, th\u00e2n h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc ch\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ed9t tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i \u0111u\u00f4i d\u00e0i. H\u1ecd th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u00edch nghi \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea7u gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u00e1y h\u00fat b\u1ee5i c\u1ee7a Nigersaurus v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i bu\u1ed3m c\u1ed5 k\u00e9p c\u1ee7a Amargasaurus, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i sauropod.<\/p>\n\n

\u0110\u1ea7u Tr\u01b0\u1edbc Nh\u1ecf<\/h2>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i sauropod l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. M\u1ed9t c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1edbn s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn cho vi\u1ec7c n\u00e2ng v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c n\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc c\u1ed5 d\u00e0i. S\u1ef1 th\u00edch nghi n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p lo\u00e0i sauropod duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n\n

Chi\u1ebfn L\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0102n U\u1ed1ng<\/h2>\n\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1ecf, lo\u00e0i sauropod c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ee9c \u0103n l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. R\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ch\u1ed1t ho\u1eb7c b\u00fat ch\u00ec, ch\u1ec9 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u1edf ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00e0m. Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng con kh\u1ee7ng long \u0103n c\u1ecf nh\u01b0 kh\u1ee7ng long s\u1eebng v\u00e0 kh\u1ee7ng long m\u1ecf v\u1ecbt v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u h\u00e0ng r\u0103ng nghi\u1ec1n, lo\u00e0i sauropod kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y r\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 nhai k\u1ef9.<\/p>\n\n

Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, lo\u00e0i sauropod c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nu\u1ed1t tr\u1ecdn th\u1ee9c \u0103n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u00e0 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ti\u00eau h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u00eau h\u1ee7y th\u1ee9c \u0103n th\u00e0nh t\u1eebng m\u1ea3nh nh\u1ecf. C\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1 d\u1ea1 d\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u00e3 nu\u1ed1t \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc r\u0103ng thay th\u1ebf trong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u00eau h\u00f3a, nghi\u1ec1n th\u1ee9c \u0103n khi th\u1ee9c \u0103n \u0111i qua. S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1 d\u1ea1 d\u00e0y c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 x\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i sauropod h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n

S\u1ef1 Th\u00edch Nghi C\u1ee7a H\u1ec7 Ti\u00eau H\u00f3a<\/h2>\n\n

Khi d\u1ea1 d\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta tin r\u1eb1ng lo\u00e0i sauropod s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u00e1c khoang ti\u00eau h\u00f3a chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng khoang ti\u00eau h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng con b\u00f2 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec1u khoang n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang tr\u00edch xu\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i \u0111a ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u1eeb th\u1ee9c \u0103n v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n sang c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt m\u1edbi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 nhai.<\/p>\n\n

Gi\u1ea3i Quy\u1ebft Nh\u1eefng Th\u00e1ch Th\u1ee9c V\u1ec1 Nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 Oxy<\/h2>\n\n

K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i sauropod \u0111\u1eb7t ra nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p oxy cho ph\u1ed5i. \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, lo\u00e0i sauropod c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c t\u00fai kh\u00ed b\u00ean trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong \u0111\u1ed1t s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. C\u00e1c t\u00fai kh\u00ed n\u00e0y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i kh\u1ee7ng long ch\u00e2n th\u00fa nh\u01b0 Aerosteon v\u00e0 chim, b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb ph\u1ed5i v\u00e0 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i v\u00e0o x\u01b0\u01a1ng, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 x\u01b0\u01a1ng trong khi v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00e1c t\u00fai kh\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed xung quanh, c\u00e1c t\u00fai kh\u00ed gi\u00fap lo\u00e0i sauropod duy tr\u00ec nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u0103ng l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 trao \u0111\u1ed5i oxy b\u00ean trong c\u00e1c t\u00fai kh\u00ed c\u0169ng gi\u00fap t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng dung t\u00edch h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n\n

Ph\u1ea7n K\u1ebft Lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n\n

S\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i sauropod th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt tr\u00ean c\u1ea1n l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef3 t\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u00edch nghi k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0103n u\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ti\u00eau h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, nh\u1eefng sinh v\u1eadt kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u1ea3nh quan ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed trong h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m. Nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 th\u00edch nghi \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00e0m say \u0111\u1eafm c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng g\u00e2y cho\u00e1ng s\u1ee3 cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ai b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p ch\u00fang.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nh\u1eefng Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Kh\u1ed5ng L\u1ed3 B\u00ed \u1ea8n: C\u00e1ch Nh\u1eefng Con Sauropod Tr\u1edf Th\u00e0nh Nh\u1eefng \u0110\u1ed9ng V\u1eadt Tr\u00ean C\u1ea1n L\u1edbn Nh\u1ea5t C\u00e2u \u0110\u1ed1 V\u1ec1 K\u00edch Th\u01b0\u1edbc C\u1ee7a Lo\u00e0i Sauropoda C\u00e1c lo\u00e0i sauropod,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[138],"tags":[137,140,134,6390,740,252,136],"class_list":["post-4199","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-paleontology","tag-paleontology","tag-prehistoric-animals","tag-dinosaurs","tag-sauropods","tag-biology","tag-nature","tag-evolution"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4199","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4199"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4199\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4200,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4199\/revisions\/4200"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4199"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4199"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4199"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}