{"id":4226,"date":"2023-06-03T04:06:19","date_gmt":"2023-06-03T04:06:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=4226"},"modified":"2023-06-03T04:06:19","modified_gmt":"2023-06-03T04:06:19","slug":"vision-enhancement-technologies-across-the-centuries","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/vision-science\/vision-enhancement-technologies-across-the-centuries\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n th\u1ecb l\u1ef1c: \u0110\u1ed5i m\u1edbi qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7"},"content":{"rendered":"

C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n th\u1ecb l\u1ef1c: \u0110\u1ed5i m\u1edbi qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7<\/h2>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn quang h\u1ecdc th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i<\/h2>\n\n

S\u1ef1 t\u00f2 m\u00f2 v\u00e0 mong mu\u1ed1n c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n th\u1ecb l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi trong c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb quang h\u1ecdc qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7. Th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh Nimrud, m\u1ed9t th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh th\u1ea1ch anh 3.000 n\u0103m tu\u1ed5i, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Viking \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng tinh th\u1ec3 th\u1ea1ch anh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh trang tr\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra l\u1eeda.<\/p>\n\n

Ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9nh th\u1ecb l\u1ef1c<\/h2>\n\n

V\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 11, Ibn al-Haytham \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh l\u1ed3i. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u00ednh l\u00fap c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean lu\u1eadn khoa h\u1ecdc. Roger Bacon, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh, \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho c\u00e1c th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh ch\u1ec9nh th\u1ecb trong b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o Opus Majus c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 li\u1ec7u ch\u00fang c\u00f3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n

Ph\u00e1t minh ra k\u00ednh m\u1eaft<\/h2>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e9p s\u00e1ch trong c\u00e1c tu vi\u1ec7n \u1edf \u00dd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t minh ra k\u00ednh m\u1eaft ch\u1ec9nh th\u1ecb v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 13. Nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc k\u00ednh m\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m hai th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh l\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gh\u00e9p l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t tay c\u1ea7m.<\/p>\n\n

Nh\u00ecn xa v\u00e0 nh\u00ecn g\u1ea7n<\/h2>\n\n

B\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean cho k\u00ednh vi\u1ec5n v\u1ecdng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Hans Lippershey \u0111\u1ec7 tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1608. Sau \u0111\u00f3, Galileo \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Lippershey, t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t k\u00ednh vi\u1ec5n v\u1ecdng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00e1c v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 \u1edf xa h\u01a1n n\u1eefa. Lippershey, Hans Janssen v\u00e0 Zacharias Janssen c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh ra k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi.<\/p>\n\n

L\u00e0m \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng n\u1eafng<\/h2>\n\n

V\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18, lorgnette \u0111\u00e3 cho ph\u00e9p ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef tr\u00e1nh \u0111eo k\u00ednh tr\u00ean khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi. K\u00ednh pince-nez, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i k\u00ednh k\u1eb9p v\u00e0o s\u1ed1ng m\u0169i, tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19. V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1913, Ng\u00e0i William Crookes \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 tia c\u1ef1c t\u00edm v\u00e0 tia h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a k\u00ednh r\u00e2m.<\/p>\n\n

Gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed cho c\u00e1c gi\u00e1c quan<\/h2>\n\n

M\u1eb7t n\u1ea1 Telephere c\u1ee7a Morton Heilig (1960) k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c slide 3D, \u00e2m thanh stereo v\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u1ea1o m\u00f9i. M\u00e1y m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng Sensorama c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng (1962) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh nh\u1eadp vai d\u00e0nh cho m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi. K\u00ednh ti vi c\u1ee7a Hugo Gernsback (1963) s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0103ng-ten \u0111\u1ec3 thu t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfu c\u00e1c k\u00eanh \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp l\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh \u0111eo tr\u00ean khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n\n

Xem 3D<\/h2>\n\n

Thanh ki\u1ebfm Damocles c\u1ee7a Ivan Sutherland (1965) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111eo tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ed3ng k\u1ec1nh, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng chi\u1ebfu h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh 3D tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp l\u00ean v\u00f5ng m\u1ea1c. S\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf c\u1ed3ng k\u1ec1nh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1nh tay m\u00e1y g\u1eafn tr\u00ean tr\u1ea7n nh\u00e0.<\/p>\n\n

Private Eye v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng<\/h2>\n\n

Private Eye c\u1ee7a Reflection Technology (1989) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb g\u1eafn tr\u00ean k\u00ednh, t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t giao di\u1ec7n ch\u1ed3ng l\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nh\u01b0 KARMA, cho ph\u00e9p ch\u1ed3ng c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u00ean c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trong khi s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa.<\/p>\n\n

Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf trung gian c\u1ee7a Steve Mann<\/h2>\n\n

Steve Mann \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111eo v\u00e0 nh\u00fang k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970. Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb EyeTap c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb g\u1eafn tr\u00ean m\u0169 b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh \u0111eo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, th\u1eddi trang, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ghi l\u1ea1i m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ed3ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh l\u00ean m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e1y sinh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e1y m\u1eaft<\/h2>\n\n

Neil Harbisson, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e1y sinh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Catalan, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e1y m\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5y v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n v\u00e0o h\u1ed9p s\u1ecd c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p anh ta “nghe” m\u00e0u s\u1eafc b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i s\u00f3ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng th\u00e0nh t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 \u00e2m thanh. Anh ta tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m nh\u1eefng t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c rung \u0111\u1ed9ng, sau \u0111\u00f3 d\u1ecbch ch\u00fang th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea7y m\u00e0u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 ch\u00e2n dung \u00e2m thanh.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n th\u1ecb l\u1ef1c: \u0110\u1ed5i m\u1edbi qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 Nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn quang h\u1ecdc th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i S\u1ef1 t\u00f2 m\u00f2 v\u00e0 mong mu\u1ed1n c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n th\u1ecb…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7738],"tags":[7737,497,37,97,27,9,5651],"class_list":["post-4226","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-vision-science","tag-vision-enhancement","tag-technology","tag-innovation","tag-science","tag-history","tag-art","tag-optics"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4226","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4226"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4226\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4227,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4226\/revisions\/4227"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4226"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4226"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4226"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}