{"id":4237,"date":"2023-03-05T20:25:28","date_gmt":"2023-03-05T20:25:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=4237"},"modified":"2023-03-05T20:25:28","modified_gmt":"2023-03-05T20:25:28","slug":"astronaut-health-unraveling-spaceflight-effects-human-body","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/space-exploration\/astronaut-health-unraveling-spaceflight-effects-human-body\/","title":{"rendered":"S\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a phi h\u00e0nh gia: H\u00e9 l\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a chuy\u1ebfn bay kh\u00f4ng gian l\u00ean c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi"},"content":{"rendered":"

S\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a phi h\u00e0nh gia: H\u00e9 l\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a chuy\u1ebfn bay kh\u00f4ng gian l\u00ean c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/h2>\n\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1eb7p song sinh: C\u1eeda s\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a chuy\u1ebfn bay kh\u00f4ng gian<\/h2>\n\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1eb7p song sinh mang t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 c\u1ee7a NASA \u0111\u00e3 so s\u00e1nh phi h\u00e0nh gia Scott Kelly v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh em song sinh \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ee3p t\u1eed c\u1ee7a anh l\u00e0 Mark, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf l\u1ea1i Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh kh\u00f4ng gian k\u00e9o d\u00e0i m\u1ed9t n\u0103m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n

Telomere: V\u1ec7 s\u0129 c\u1ee7a DNA<\/h2>\n\n

Telomere, l\u1edbp v\u1ecf b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ee3i DNA \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ed1t y\u1ebfu trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e3o h\u00f3a. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 quan s\u00e1t th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean v\u1ec1 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i telomere trong su\u1ed1t chuy\u1ebfn bay kh\u00f4ng gian c\u1ee7a Scott, cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng gian c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh suy gi\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi anh tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t, telomere l\u1ea1i ng\u1eafn l\u1ea1i, l\u00e0m d\u1ea5y l\u00ean m\u1ed1i lo ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e3o h\u00f3a v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n

Bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n gen: Th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1edbi<\/h2>\n\n

Chuy\u1ebfn bay kh\u00f4ng gian c\u0169ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n gen. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a gen, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong n\u1eeda sau c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a Scott. Nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c th\u00edch nghi trong su\u1ed1t nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i \u1edf ngo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng gian.<\/p>\n\n

Di truy\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc bi\u1ec3u sinh: C\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u00edch nghi<\/h2>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 bi\u1ec3u sinh di truy\u1ec1n, c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n gen, \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u1edf c\u1ea3 Scott v\u00e0 Mark. Tuy nhi\u00ean, b\u1ed9 gen c\u1ee7a Scott bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t v\u00f4 nh\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i m\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n sau khi anh tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t, cho th\u1ea5y kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 sau chuy\u1ebfn bay kh\u00f4ng gian.<\/p>\n\n

Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c: Suy gi\u1ea3m sau chuy\u1ebfn bay<\/h2>\n\n

M\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Scott \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra s\u1ef1 suy gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t sau khi anh tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n v\u1ec1 suy gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c phi h\u00e0nh gia trong c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh d\u00e0i ng\u00e0y, khi h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/p>\n\n

H\u1ec7 vi sinh v\u1eadt: Vi khu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ru\u1ed9t trong kh\u00f4ng gian<\/h2>\n\n

H\u1ec7 vi sinh v\u1eadt, c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng vi khu\u1ea9n trong ru\u1ed9t, c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong su\u1ed1t chuy\u1ebfn bay kh\u00f4ng gian c\u1ee7a Scott. Tuy nhi\u00ean, s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean, cho th\u1ea5y h\u1ec7 vi sinh v\u1eadt v\u1eabn kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n\n

Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i protein: Manh m\u1ed1i v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u01a1 th\u1ec3<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 quan s\u00e1t th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 protein trong su\u1ed1t chuy\u1ebfn bay kh\u00f4ng gian, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng collagen, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i protein c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. Nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng gian.<\/p>\n\n

S\u1ee9c ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch nghi: S\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3<\/h2>\n\n

B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e3 quan s\u00e1t th\u1ea5y, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t khi Scott tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf s\u1ee9c ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch nghi \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n

Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc: M\u1edf kh\u00f3a nh\u1eefng b\u00ed \u1ea9n c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng gian<\/h2>\n\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1eb7p song sinh cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng sinh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a chuy\u1ebfn bay kh\u00f4ng gian. NASA c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c phi h\u00e0nh gia v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro cho c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh d\u00e0i ng\u00e0y trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n\n

Tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi, \u0111\u1eb7t ra nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi h\u01a1n<\/h2>\n\n

C\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c khoa h\u1ecdc n\u00e0o, Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1eb7p song sinh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t ra nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi m\u1edbi. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1eb1ng sau nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e3 quan s\u00e1t th\u1ea5y v\u00e0 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng gian.<\/p>\n\n

G\u00f3c nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a phi h\u00e0nh gia: H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1<\/h2>\n\n

Scott Kelly, phi h\u00e0nh gia l\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1eb7p song sinh, nh\u1eadn ra t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. Anh v\u1eabn cam k\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f4ng qua ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh theo d\u00f5i s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe l\u00e2u d\u00e0i.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

S\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a phi h\u00e0nh gia: H\u00e9 l\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a chuy\u1ebfn bay kh\u00f4ng gian l\u00ean c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1eb7p song sinh: C\u1eeda s\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[494],"tags":[493,2307,740,4116,7753],"class_list":["post-4237","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-space-exploration","tag-spaceflight","tag-human-body","tag-biology","tag-physiology","tag-astronaut-health"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4237","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4237"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4237\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4238,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4237\/revisions\/4238"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4237"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4237"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4237"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}