{"id":4239,"date":"2023-09-22T21:31:19","date_gmt":"2023-09-22T21:31:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=4239"},"modified":"2023-09-22T21:31:19","modified_gmt":"2023-09-22T21:31:19","slug":"alaska-glaciers-disappearing-climate-change","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/environmental-science\/alaska-glaciers-disappearing-climate-change\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1c s\u00f4ng b\u0103ng tan ch\u1ea3y \u1edf Alaska: Thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7"},"content":{"rendered":"

C\u00e1c s\u00f4ng b\u0103ng tan ch\u1ea3y \u1edf Alaska: Thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7<\/h2>\n\n

T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 r\u00fat lui c\u1ee7a s\u00f4ng b\u0103ng<\/h2>\n\n

Bruce Molnia, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a C\u1ee5c Kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t Hoa K\u1ef3, \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ec3 thu th\u1eadp v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c s\u00f4ng b\u0103ng \u1edf Alaska. Nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 qua do hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00f3ng l\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 sau c\u1ee7a Molnia \u0111\u01b0a ra b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 tan ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u00f4ng b\u0103ng \u1edf V\u01b0\u1eddn qu\u1ed1c gia Glacier Bay, V\u01b0\u1eddn qu\u1ed1c gia Denali v\u00e0 V\u01b0\u1eddn qu\u1ed1c gia Kenai Fjords c\u00f9ng R\u1eebng qu\u1ed1c gia Chugach. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ee5p nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh g\u1ed1c, Molnia \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n r\u00f5 n\u00e9t gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng g\u00e3 kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 b\u0103ng gi\u00e1 t\u1eebng s\u1eebng s\u1eefng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng b\u0103ng \u0111ang tan ch\u1ea3y ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n\n

T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00f3ng l\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u00f4ng b\u0103ng \u1edf Alaska<\/h2>\n\n

Trong 75 \u0111\u1ebfn 100 n\u0103m qua, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 trung b\u00ecnh h\u00e0ng n\u0103m \u1edf Alaska \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng kho\u1ea3ng 5 \u0111\u1ed9 F, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 r\u00fat lui \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u00f4ng b\u0103ng. Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c s\u00f4ng b\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Molnia nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 1 \u0111\u1ebfn 2 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m l\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 do l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tuy\u1ebft r\u01a1i t\u0103ng \u1edf nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng cao h\u01a1n. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c s\u00f4ng b\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111ang co l\u1ea1i r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u1ea5t t\u1edbi 20 d\u1eb7m chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i trong 95 n\u0103m qua.<\/p>\n\n

S\u1ef1 tan ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a s\u00f4ng b\u0103ng n\u00e0y g\u00e2y ra h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng c\u1ee7a Alaska. M\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u0103m 2003 c\u1ee7a V\u0103n ph\u00f2ng Tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 cho th\u1ea5y 86 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng \u1edf Alaska \u0111ang b\u1ecb \u0111e d\u1ecda b\u1edfi l\u0169 l\u1ee5t v\u00e0 x\u00f3i m\u00f2n do b\u0103ng tan v\u00e0 b\u0103ng bi\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n\n

Ph\u1ea1m vi tan ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a s\u00f4ng b\u0103ng tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u<\/h2>\n\n

S\u1ef1 suy gi\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u00f4ng b\u0103ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u1edf Alaska. S\u00f4ng b\u0103ng \u0111ang tan ch\u1ea3y \u1edf h\u1ea7u kh\u1eafp m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i, bao g\u1ed3m Khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n \u0110\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt hoang d\u00e3 B\u1eafc C\u1ef1c, Nam C\u1ef1c v\u00e0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c, Peru v\u00e0 Argentina. Ngay c\u1ea3 l\u1edbp b\u0103ng mang t\u00ednh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh Kilimanjaro c\u0169ng \u0111ang tan ch\u1ea3y nhanh ch\u00f3ng.<\/p>\n\n

Nh\u00e0 b\u0103ng h\u1ecdc Lonnie Thompson c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Bang Ohio d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng V\u01b0\u1eddn qu\u1ed1c gia Glacier tr\u00ean bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Montana-Canada s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c s\u00f4ng b\u0103ng trong v\u00f2ng 30 n\u0103m n\u1ebfu xu h\u01b0\u1edbng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec5n.<\/p>\n\n

Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00e2y ra khi\u1ebfn s\u00f4ng b\u0103ng tan ch\u1ea3y<\/h2>\n\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u1ec1 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu c\u1ee7a Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c k\u1ef7 b\u0103ng h\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn r\u1ed3i \u0111i, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a m\u1ee9c carbon dioxide trong kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea9y nhanh \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tan ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a s\u00f4ng b\u0103ng. Carbon dioxide gi\u1eef nhi\u1ec7t trong kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh.<\/p>\n\n

C\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1t nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch, th\u1ea3i ra m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn carbon dioxide v\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed. S\u1ef1 t\u00edch t\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh n\u00e0y \u0111ang l\u00e0m tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng th\u00eam t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00f3ng l\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tan ch\u1ea3y nhanh ch\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u00f4ng b\u0103ng.<\/p>\n\n

Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 tan ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a s\u00f4ng b\u0103ng<\/h2>\n\n

S\u00f4ng b\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh do s\u1ef1 t\u00edch t\u1ee5 v\u00e0 n\u00e9n ch\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a tuy\u1ebft theo th\u1eddi gian. Tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a tuy\u1ebft \u00e9p c\u00e1c b\u00f4ng tuy\u1ebft th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c tinh th\u1ec3 b\u0103ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u1edbn b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n

Khi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng xuy\u00ean qua l\u1edbp b\u0103ng n\u00e9n ch\u1eb7t, c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf s\u1ebd b\u1ecb h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng xanh k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1. M\u00e0u xanh b\u0103ng gi\u00e1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o v\u00e0 th\u00f4i mi\u00ean, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1y c\u00e1c v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t ho\u1eb7c n\u01a1i c\u00e1c s\u00f4ng b\u0103ng \u0111ang tan ch\u1ea3y.<\/p>\n\n

V\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u00f4ng b\u0103ng<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00e1c s\u00f4ng b\u0103ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ef3 quan thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7y c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. Ch\u00fang cung c\u1ea5p m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng cho c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt hoang d\u00e3, \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m m\u00e1t c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh tinh.<\/p>\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c m\u1ea5t \u0111i c\u00e1c s\u00f4ng b\u0103ng do hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00f3ng l\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. \u0110i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 tan ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a s\u00f4ng b\u0103ng v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 t\u00e0n kh\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

C\u00e1c s\u00f4ng b\u0103ng tan ch\u1ea3y \u1edf Alaska: Thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 r\u00fat lui c\u1ee7a s\u00f4ng b\u0103ng Bruce Molnia, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[38],"tags":[7757,34,7754,1227,7756,924,569,7755],"class_list":["post-4239","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-environmental-science","tag-melting-glaciers","tag-climate-change","tag-alaska-glaciers","tag-science-and-art","tag-ice-caps","tag-nature-photography","tag-global-warming","tag-glacier-retreat"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4239","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4239"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4239\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4240,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4239\/revisions\/4240"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4239"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4239"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4239"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}