{"id":4266,"date":"2022-10-14T11:41:57","date_gmt":"2022-10-14T11:41:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=4266"},"modified":"2022-10-14T11:41:57","modified_gmt":"2022-10-14T11:41:57","slug":"prehistoric-surgery-trepanation-humans-cows","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/archaeology-and-anthropology\/prehistoric-surgery-trepanation-humans-cows\/","title":{"rendered":"Ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed: Khoan s\u1ecd \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 b\u00f2"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed: Khoan s\u1ecd \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 b\u00f2<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt s\u1edbm c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/h2>\n\n

Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 tham gia v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb y h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 khoan s\u1ecd, bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7 tr\u00ean h\u1ed9p s\u1ecd. Th\u1ee7 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn t\u1eeb 7.000 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c ch\u00e2u l\u1ee5c kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n\n

Khoan s\u1ecd \u1edf b\u00f2: M\u1ed9t kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 m\u1edbi<\/h2>\n\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn cho th\u1ea5y con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u1ee7 thu\u1eadt khoan s\u1ecd tr\u00ean b\u00f2. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh khai qu\u1eadt t\u1ea1i di ch\u1ec9 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e1 m\u1edbi Champ-Durand \u1edf Ph\u00e1p, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9p s\u1ecd b\u00f2 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khoan tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n

M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c khoan s\u1ecd \u1edf b\u00f2: Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh hay th\u00fa y?<\/h2>\n\n

M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c khoan s\u1ecd \u1edf b\u00f2 v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn. M\u1ed9t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt m\u1edbi v\u00e0o ngh\u1ec1. C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c khoan s\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t sau ca ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt. Vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt trau d\u1ed3i c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n

M\u1ed9t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 th\u1ee7 thu\u1eadt khoan s\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i th\u00fa y th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u. Gia s\u00fac r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u1edf Champ-Durand, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u m\u1ed9t con b\u00f2 b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c khoan s\u1ecd.<\/p>\n\n

Khoan s\u1ecd \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi: Y h\u1ecdc hay nghi l\u1ec5?<\/h2>\n\n

M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c khoan s\u1ecd \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00e2y tranh c\u00e3i. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p can thi\u1ec7p y t\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb c\u00e1c c\u01a1n \u0111au ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng th\u1ea7n kinh m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean h\u1ed9p s\u1ecd, khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n.<\/p>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c khoan s\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nghi l\u1ec5. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc \u1edf Nga \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y h\u00e0i c\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a 12 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 kho\u00e9t tr\u00ean h\u1ed9p s\u1ecd \u1edf m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 nguy hi\u1ec3m. B\u1ed1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft ngay sau ca ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt, trong khi t\u00e1m ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i s\u1ed1ng \u00edt nh\u1ea5t b\u1ed1n n\u0103m v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7 th\u1ee7ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u. B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c khoan s\u1ecd n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00ec m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh m\u00e0 v\u00ec nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do si\u00eau nhi\u00ean, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 ban s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh ho\u1eb7c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n\n

S\u1ef1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c khoan s\u1ecd tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u<\/h2>\n\n

Khoan s\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed, v\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, Ch\u00e2u Phi, Ch\u00e2u \u00c1 v\u00e0 Ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9. C\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a th\u1ee7 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hy L\u1ea1p c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng \u1edf Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u.<\/p>\n\n

Khoan s\u1ecd ng\u00e0y nay: M\u1ed9t th\u1ee7 thu\u1eadt y t\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/h2>\n\n

Ng\u00e0y nay, khoan s\u1ecd v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee7 thu\u1eadt y t\u1ebf h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m \u00e1p l\u1ef1c trong n\u00e3o trong c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p. Th\u1ee7 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y l\u00e0 minh ch\u1ee9ng cho di s\u1ea3n l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe.<\/p>\n\n

B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed: C\u00e1c l\u1ed7 tr\u00ean h\u1ed9p s\u1ecd<\/h2>\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 tr\u00ean h\u1ed9p s\u1ecd, c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt, cung c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed. Nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7 n\u00e0y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra th\u00f4ng qua th\u1ee7 thu\u1eadt khoan s\u1ecd, cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn tho\u00e1ng qua v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt y t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n\n

Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c khoan s\u1ecd: M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/h2>\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c khoan s\u1ecd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 y h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 nghi l\u1ec5 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra, nh\u01b0ng l\u00fd do th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n

Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a gia s\u00fac trong ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed: Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh hay ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh?<\/h2>\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra h\u1ed9p s\u1ecd c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t con b\u00f2 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khoan \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t ra c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a gia s\u00fac trong ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed. C\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u1eefng con b\u00f2 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c th\u00fa y.<\/p>\n\n

Khoan s\u1ecd: M\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u1edbi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i<\/h2>\n\n

Khoan s\u1ecd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed, cho th\u1ea5y t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c nhau. Di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 thu\u1eadt y t\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed: Khoan s\u1ecd \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 b\u00f2 C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt s\u1edbm c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 tham gia v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7807],"tags":[88,705,7803,7806,487,7804,7805],"class_list":["post-4266","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archaeology-and-anthropology","tag-archaeology","tag-medical-history","tag-prehistoric-surgery","tag-animal-surgery","tag-human-evolution","tag-trepanation","tag-ancient-medicine"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4266","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4266"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4266\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4267,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4266\/revisions\/4267"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4266"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4266"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4266"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}