{"id":4363,"date":"2023-04-03T00:59:11","date_gmt":"2023-04-03T00:59:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=4363"},"modified":"2023-04-03T00:59:11","modified_gmt":"2023-04-03T00:59:11","slug":"artificial-muscles-tiny-dancers-generate-electricity","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/materials-science\/artificial-muscles-tiny-dancers-generate-electricity\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u01a1 b\u1eafp nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o: v\u0169 c\u00f4ng t\u00ed hon t\u1ea1o ra \u0111i\u1ec7n"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u01a1 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o: Nh\u1eefng v\u0169 c\u00f4ng t\u00ed hon t\u1ea1o ra \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u01a1 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n\n<p>C\u01a1 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m polyme m\u1ecfng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1edf ra v\u00e0 co l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 c\u01a1 th\u1eadt khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb hai lo\u1ea1i polyme: polypyrole, cung c\u1ea5p c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 polyol-borate, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i gel d\u1ebbo n\u1edf ra v\u00e0 co l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u01a1 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/h2>\n\n<p>Khi c\u01a1 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u1edbp polyol-borate s\u1ebd h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 nhanh ch\u00f3ng cu\u1ed9n l\u00ean tr\u00ean. Khi l\u1edbp d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng l\u00ean kh\u1ecfi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, h\u01a1i \u1ea9m s\u1ebd b\u1ed1c h\u01a1i kh\u1ecfi n\u00f3 v\u00e0 n\u00f3 s\u1ebd ph\u1eb3ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u1edf ra v\u00e0 co l\u1ea1i n\u00e0y m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1eadt, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ee9ng c\u00e1p g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c s\u1ee3i collagen \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ec7t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ee3i nh\u1ecf \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o<\/h2>\n\n<p>C\u01a1 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng, bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Thu n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng:<\/strong> C\u01a1 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng t\u1eeb m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 t\u1eeb h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i t\u1eeb c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nh\u1ecf nh\u01b0 c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed \u0111eo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/li>\n<li><strong>B\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/strong> C\u01a1 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho c\u00e1c r\u00f4 b\u1ed1t m\u1ec1m ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb y sinh:<\/strong> C\u01a1 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ea5y gh\u00e9p h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u00f4 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o<\/h2>\n\n<p>C\u01a1 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m so v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Nh\u1eb9 v\u00e0 linh ho\u1ea1t:<\/strong> C\u01a1 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m polyme m\u1ecfng, gi\u00fap ch\u00fang nh\u1eb9 v\u00e0 linh ho\u1ea1t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng th\u1ea5p:<\/strong> C\u01a1 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 r\u1ea5t \u00edt \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng, khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng m\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch sinh h\u1ecdc:<\/strong> C\u01a1 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb y sinh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o<\/h2>\n\n<p>C\u01a1 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>L\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea7u ra h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf:<\/strong> C\u01a1 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea1nh b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, v\u00ec v\u1eady ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea7u ra l\u1edbn.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf:<\/strong> C\u01a1 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o c\u00f3 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng:<\/strong> C\u01a1 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">T\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o<\/h2>\n\n<p>C\u01a1 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7y h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111ang t\u00edch c\u1ef1c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh, tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Khi nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c, c\u01a1 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c, t\u1eeb robot \u0111\u1ebfn y h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00f4ng tin chi ti\u1ebft b\u1ed5 sung v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o:<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>C\u01a1 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng c\u00e1c v\u1eadt n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n g\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ch\u00fang.<\/li>\n<li>C\u01a1 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p kho\u1ea3ng 1 v\u00f4n.<\/li>\n<li>C\u01a1 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, bao g\u1ed3m polyme, g\u1ed1m s\u1ee9 v\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n<li>C\u01a1 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o v\u1eabn \u0111ang trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>C\u01a1 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o: Nh\u1eefng v\u0169 c\u00f4ng t\u00ed hon t\u1ea1o ra \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng C\u01a1 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u01a1 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m polyme m\u1ecfng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1edf ra v\u00e0&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3681],"tags":[3833,6590,7945,3836,2054,83],"class_list":["post-4363","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-materials-science","tag-artificial-muscles","tag-soft-robotics","tag-energy-harvesting","tag-materials-science","tag-robotics","tag-biomimicry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4363","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4363"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4363\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4364,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4363\/revisions\/4364"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4363"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4363"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4363"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}