N\u0103m 1799, trong cu\u1ed9c x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c Ai C\u1eadp c\u1ee7a Napoleon, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh Ph\u00e1p t\u00ean l\u00e0 Pierre-Fran\u00e7ois Bouchard \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee1 \u0111\u00e1 v\u1ee1 t\u1ea1i th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n Rashid (Rosetta). M\u1ea3nh v\u1ee1 n\u00e0y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Rosetta Stone, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc m\u1ed9t s\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh do h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00e1c tu s\u0129 Ai C\u1eadp ban h\u00e0nh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 196 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n
S\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ba lo\u1ea1i ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft: t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh, ch\u1eef b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n (m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng ch\u1eef t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a) v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Hy L\u1ea1p c\u1ed5. C\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfng Hy L\u1ea1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eef t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ch\u1eef b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00ed \u1ea9n.<\/p>\n\n
Hai h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3, Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Champollion v\u00e0 Thomas Young, \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea1y \u0111ua \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 b\u00ed \u1ea9n c\u1ee7a Rosetta Stone. Champollion, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ng\u1eef v\u0103n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 Young, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh, c\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u00e1 m\u00e3.<\/p>\n\n
B\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 c\u1ee7a Young \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1eef t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao quanh b\u1edfi c\u00e1c v\u00f2ng b\u1ea7u d\u1ee5c (khung h\u00ecnh b\u1ea7u d\u1ee5c) \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho t\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t \u00e2m t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nhau \u1edf c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c nhau. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch so s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c v\u00f2ng b\u1ea7u d\u1ee5c ch\u1eef t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh v\u1edbi t\u00ean ti\u1ebfng Hy L\u1ea1p trong Rosetta Stone, Young \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ng\u1eef \u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1eef t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n
Champollion \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Young b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c ti\u1ebfng Coptic, m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef h\u1eadu du\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfng Ai C\u1eadp c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ch\u1eef t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh ng\u1eef \u00e2m b\u1ed5 sung b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch so s\u00e1nh ch\u00fang v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1eeb t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ebfng Coptic.<\/p>\n\n
Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1822, Champollion \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc “aha” khi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng b\u1ea7u d\u1ee5c t\u1eeb ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1n Abu Simbel. \u00d4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1eef t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi (ra) v\u00e0 ch\u1eef t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 \u00e2m thanh “s”. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap \u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 t\u00ean c\u1ee7a pharaoh Ramses, ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb c\u00e1c t\u1eeb v\u00e0 \u00e2m thanh c\u1ee7a Ai C\u1eadp.<\/p>\n\n
Vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 Rosetta Stone \u0111\u00e3 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a Ai C\u1eadp c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i. Ch\u1eef t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh, t\u1eebng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft b\u00ed \u1ea9n, \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3, ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh Ai C\u1eadp c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n
Rosetta Stone cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng gi\u00fap c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edn\u4ef0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Ai C\u1eadp c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n
Rosetta Stone v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a, \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u00e0 kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 minh ch\u1ee9ng cho s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf kh\u00f3a b\u00ed m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh v\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n
Rosetta Stone \u0111\u00e3 truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 cu\u1ed9c tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m, s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 phim t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, thu h\u00fat kh\u00e1n gi\u1ea3 tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. N\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n di s\u1ea3n chung c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n\n
Rosetta Stone kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n sao duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a s\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban h\u00e0nh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 196 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean. H\u01a1n hai ch\u1ee5c d\u00f2ng ch\u1eef kh\u1eafc c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1n kh\u00e1c nhau tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp Ai C\u1eadp. Nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng ch\u1eef kh\u1eafc n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 tinh ch\u1ec9nh vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 ch\u1eef t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n
Hai tr\u0103m n\u0103m sau b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 c\u1ee7a Champollion, Rosetta Stone v\u1eabn l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 say m\u00ea. C\u00e1c l\u1ec5 k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m 200 n\u0103m ng\u00e0y gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. T\u1ea1i Ai C\u1eadp, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng Anh tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 cho qu\u1ed1c gia xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n
Di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Rosetta Stone v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb vi\u1ebft.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Rosetta Stone: M\u1edf kh\u00f3a b\u00ed m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Ai C\u1eadp c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 Rosetta Stone N\u0103m 1799, trong cu\u1ed9c x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c Ai C\u1eadp c\u1ee7a Napoleon, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh Ph\u00e1p t\u00ean…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":24551,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[191],"tags":[541,848,4549,4126,88,27,2622,7891,63,7965],"class_list":["post-4375","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-archaeology","tag-ancient-egypt","tag-egyptology","tag-hieroglyphs","tag-decipherment","tag-archaeology","tag-history","tag-language","tag-rosetta-stone","tag-culture","tag-civilization"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4375","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4375"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4375\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24552,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4375\/revisions\/24552"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/24551"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4375"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4375"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4375"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}