{"id":4413,"date":"2024-07-01T06:21:32","date_gmt":"2024-07-01T06:21:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=4413"},"modified":"2024-07-01T06:21:32","modified_gmt":"2024-07-01T06:21:32","slug":"wounded-knee-artifacts-returned-lakota-sioux-tribes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/life\/native-american-culture\/wounded-knee-artifacts-returned-lakota-sioux-tribes\/","title":{"rendered":"Tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt t\u1eeb Wounded Knee cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi Lakota Sioux"},"content":{"rendered":"

C\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt t\u1eeb Wounded Knee \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i cho b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1c Lakota Sioux<\/h2>\n\n

L\u1ec5 trao tr\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ec9nh cao c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh k\u00e9o d\u00e0i h\u00e0ng th\u1eadp k\u1ef7<\/h2>\n\n

H\u00f4m th\u1ee9 B\u1ea3y, B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng Founders t\u1ea1i Barre, Massachusetts \u0111\u00e3 trao tr\u1ea3 kho\u1ea3ng 150 hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Lakota Sioux. Nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt ph\u1ea9m linh thi\u00eang n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ee5 th\u1ea3m s\u00e1t Wounded Knee kh\u00e9t ti\u1ebfng n\u0103m 1890, \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eb1m trong b\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng trong h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7.<\/p>\n\n

L\u1ec5 trao tr\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft th\u00fac ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh d\u00e0i v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1c Cheyenne River Sioux v\u00e0 Oglala Sioux \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn Barre \u0111\u1ec3 tham d\u1ef1 bu\u1ed5i l\u1ec5, trong khi l\u1ec5 b\u00e0n giao ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt s\u1ebd di\u1ec5n ra ri\u00eang t\u01b0 v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m sau.<\/p>\n\n

B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/h2>\n\n

V\u1ee5 th\u1ea3m s\u00e1t Wounded Knee l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n bi th\u1ea3m, trong \u0111\u00f3 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e0n s\u00e1t \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh kho\u1ea3ng 300 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng, ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef v\u00e0 tr\u1ebb em b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba M\u1ef9 b\u00ean b\u1edd su\u1ed1i Wounded Knee \u1edf Nam Dakota. V\u1ee5 th\u1ea3m s\u00e1t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i di s\u1ea3n \u0111au th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 day d\u1ee9t dai d\u1eb3ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Lakota Sioux.<\/p>\n\n

N\u0103m 1990, Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c xin l\u1ed7i v\u1ec1 v\u1ee5 th\u1ea3m s\u00e1t v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 Tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i M\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba (NAGPRA) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng qua. NAGPRA \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a li\u00ean bang, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ecd tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt v\u0103n h\u00f3a nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh cho c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba.<\/p>\n\n

Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng Founders<\/h2>\n\n

B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng Founders, m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a li\u00ean bang, kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c di\u1ec7n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a NAGPRA. Tuy nhi\u00ean, b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt v\u0103n h\u00f3a cho ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n\n

B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 mua l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt t\u1eeb Wounded Knee t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n l\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19. B\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp bao g\u1ed3m gi\u00e0y da nai, v\u00f2ng c\u1ed5, qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o, t\u1ea9u nghi l\u1ec5, d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 t\u1ed1n th\u1eddi gian. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c khi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh xem hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt n\u00e0o th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb Wounded Knee. M\u1ed7i v\u1eadt ph\u1ea9m c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 l\u1eadp danh m\u1ee5c tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n

B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c, b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng v\u1eabn cam k\u1ebft v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt. “\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i, vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i ch\u00fang lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng”, Ann Meilus, ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng Barre, cho bi\u1ebft. “T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1edb v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed khi tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng m\u00f3n \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y.”<\/p>\n\n

T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ea3m x\u00fac \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Lakota Sioux<\/h2>\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c trao tr\u1ea3 c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt t\u1eeb Wounded Knee c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ea3m x\u00fac \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Lakota Sioux. “K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi v\u1ee5 th\u1ea3m s\u00e1t Wounded Knee x\u1ea3y ra, n\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0103n s\u00e2u v\u00e0o d\u00f2ng m\u00e1u c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i”, Surrounded Bear, m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1c Oglala Sioux, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 tham d\u1ef1 bu\u1ed5i l\u1ec5, cho bi\u1ebft. “V\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0a nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt n\u00e0y tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u00e0n g\u1eafn. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i \u0111\u00fang h\u01b0\u1edbng.”<\/p>\n\n

Leola One Feather, m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1c Oglala Sioux, c\u0169ng b\u00e0y t\u1ecf nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1. “C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bu\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd khi m\u1ea5t \u0111i nh\u1eefng m\u00f3n \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f2n bu\u1ed3n h\u01a1n v\u00ec ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm ch\u00fang r\u1ea5t l\u00e2u r\u1ed3i.”<\/p>\n\n

Ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i v\u00e0 h\u00e0n g\u1eafn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/h2>\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c trao tr\u1ea3 c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt v\u0103n h\u00f3a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc quan tr\u1ecdng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i v\u00e0 h\u00e0n g\u1eafn \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch trao tr\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt ph\u1ea9m linh thi\u00eang n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

C\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt t\u1eeb Wounded Knee \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i cho b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1c Lakota Sioux L\u1ec5 trao tr\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ec9nh cao c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh k\u00e9o d\u00e0i h\u00e0ng th\u1eadp…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":23779,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8020],"tags":[3606,4704,8019,8018,8017],"class_list":["post-4413","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-native-american-culture","tag-cultural-preservation","tag-repatriation","tag-native-american-artifacts","tag-lakota-sioux","tag-wounded-knee-massacre"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4413","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4413"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4413\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4414,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4413\/revisions\/4414"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23779"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4413"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4413"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4413"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}