{"id":4432,"date":"2022-01-22T05:51:09","date_gmt":"2022-01-22T05:51:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=4432"},"modified":"2022-01-22T05:51:09","modified_gmt":"2022-01-22T05:51:09","slug":"forgotten-explorer-andre-michaux-american-wilderness","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/exploration\/forgotten-explorer-andre-michaux-american-wilderness\/","title":{"rendered":"Andr\u00c3\u00a9 Michaux: Nh\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m b\u1ecb l\u00e3ng qu\u00ean c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng hoang d\u00e3 n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Andr\u00c3\u00a9 Michaux: Nh\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m b\u1ecb l\u00e3ng qu\u00ean c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng hoang d\u00e3 n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cu\u1ed9c truy t\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ebfn Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/h2>\n\n<p>T\u1ea1i trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc Hoa K\u1ef3, m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c t\u1ee5 h\u1ecdp danh gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c, nh\u00e0 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p Andr\u00c3\u00a9 Michaux \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t t\u00e1o b\u1ea1o: kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn v\u00e0 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 \u1edf ph\u00eda t\u00e2y s\u00f4ng Mississippi. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a Thomas Jefferson v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t &#8220;\u0110\u1ebf ch\u1ebf T\u1ef1 do&#8221; tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i t\u1eeb bi\u1ec3n n\u00e0y sang bi\u1ec3n kh\u00e1c, Michaux \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea7y hi\u1ec3m nguy v\u00e0 s\u1ebd m\u00e3i m\u00e3i l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Hoa K\u1ef3.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ngo\u1ea1i giao b\u00ed m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Jefferson<\/h2>\n\n<p>Jefferson, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u1ea5m ng\u1ea7m \u1ea5p \u1ee7 tham v\u1ecdng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0o v\u00f9ng Louisiana do T\u00e2y Ban Nha ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, \u0111\u00e3 xem chuy\u1ebfn th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Michaux l\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i gieo m\u1ea7m n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i T\u00e2y Ban Nha. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 tranh th\u1ee7 s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u1ee7a Edmond-Charles Gen\u00eat, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c ph\u00e1i vi\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p h\u00e0o hoa, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u1ec3n m\u1ed9 Michaux tham gia m\u1ed9t \u00e2m m\u01b0u nh\u1eb1m th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1nh thu\u00ea ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i T\u00e2y Ban Nha.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c Gen\u00eat<\/h2>\n\n<p>S\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a Michaux trong v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c Gen\u00eat cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. Khi c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng leo thang gi\u1eefa Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p, Jefferson \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean \u00e1n Gen\u00eat tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang trong khi v\u1eabn b\u00ed m\u1eadt ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ta. Michaux, b\u1ecb k\u1eb9t gi\u1eefa hai l\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1n, th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh b\u1ecb v\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e2m m\u01b0u ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 gi\u00e1n \u0111i\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn Kentucky<\/h2>\n\n<p>Kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 nao n\u00fang, Michaux l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn Kentucky v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 7 n\u0103m 1793, mang theo th\u01b0 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a Jefferson g\u1eedi cho T\u01b0\u1edbng George Rogers Clark. Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi\u1ebfn \u00f4ng th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng, Clark kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn \u00e2m m\u01b0u n\u00e0y v\u00e0 mi\u1ec5n c\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 cu\u1ed9c th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m. Gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 c\u1ee7a Michaux v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 tan bi\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">N\u00fai Grandfather<\/h2>\n\n<p>Ch\u00e1n n\u1ea3n nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng khu\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5c, Michaux \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft tay v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt qua d\u00e3y n\u00fai Appalachian. V\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 8 n\u0103m 1794, \u00f4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai Grandfather \u1edf B\u1eafc Carolina. \u0110\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai l\u1ed9ng gi\u00f3, \u00f4ng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p, m\u1ed9t minh ch\u1ee9ng cho ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ti\u00ean phong<\/h2>\n\n<p>B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i do v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c Gen\u00eat g\u00e2y ra, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a Michaux cho n\u1ec1n th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u1eabn r\u1ea5t s\u00e2u s\u1eafc. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt m\u1edbi, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e2y tulip, m\u1ed9c lan l\u00e1 to v\u00e0 c\u00e2y s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Michaux. Nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed1n s\u1ed5 tay v\u00e0 nh\u1eadt k\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u00f4 gi\u00e1 v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i v\u00e0 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng hoang d\u00e3 Hoa K\u1ef3.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Chuy\u1ebfn th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m Madagascar<\/h2>\n\n<p>N\u0103m 1802, \u1edf tu\u1ed5i 54, Michaux b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed9c th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o xa x\u00f4i Madagascar. Hy v\u1ecdng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb c\u1eaft ng\u1eafn khi \u00f4ng m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh s\u1ed1t v\u00e0 qua \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 1802.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nh\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m b\u1ecb l\u00e3ng qu\u00ean<\/h2>\n\n<p>Di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Andr\u00c3\u00a9 Michaux v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn b\u1ecb l\u00e3ng qu\u00ean trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7. Ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng cho l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc Hoa K\u1ef3. Ng\u00e0y nay, c\u00e1i t\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1eabn s\u1ed1ng m\u00e3i th\u00f4ng qua nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt mang t\u00ean \u00f4ng, m\u1ed9t minh ch\u1ee9ng cho t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ea3nh quan n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a \u0111u\u00f4i d\u00e0i b\u1ed5 sung:<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m Ph\u00e1p \u1edf M\u1ef9<\/li>\n<li>Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb<\/li>\n<li>Nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 nguy hi\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt<\/li>\n<li>T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c tranh c\u00e3i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc<\/li>\n<li>T\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Andr\u00c3\u00a9 Michaux: Nh\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m b\u1ecb l\u00e3ng qu\u00ean c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng hoang d\u00e3 n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 Cu\u1ed9c truy t\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ebfn Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1ea1i&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2670],"tags":[8046,8045,8050,8051,564,8055,8047,8057,97,1797,99,8054,8052,8048,7342,8053,252,2066,8056,8049],"class_list":["post-4432","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-exploration","tag-american-botany","tag-andra-michaux","tag-grandfather-mountain","tag-jeffersons-vision","tag-exploration","tag-plant-discovery","tag-botanical-exploration","tag-wilderness-exploration","tag-science","tag-history-of-science","tag-lifescienceart","tag-pioneer-of-science","tag-lost-explorers","tag-french-botanist","tag-naturalist","tag-pacific-northwest","tag-nature","tag-thomas-jefferson","tag-trans-mississippi-west","tag-genet-affair"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4432","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4432"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4432\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4433,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4432\/revisions\/4433"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4432"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4432"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4432"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}