{"id":4436,"date":"2020-11-05T10:30:42","date_gmt":"2020-11-05T10:30:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=4436"},"modified":"2020-11-05T10:30:42","modified_gmt":"2020-11-05T10:30:42","slug":"tobacco-in-mesoamerican-rituals-new-discoveries-from-ancient-vases","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/archaeology\/tobacco-in-mesoamerican-rituals-new-discoveries-from-ancient-vases\/","title":{"rendered":"Thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 trong nghi l\u1ec5 Trung M\u1ef9: Nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 m\u1edbi t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc b\u00ecnh c\u1ed5"},"content":{"rendered":"

Thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 trong c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5 Trung M\u1ef9: Nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 m\u1edbi t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc b\u00ecnh c\u1ed5<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n

Trong m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 mang t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u1edf Guatemala \u0111\u00e3 khai qu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 \u1edf Trung M\u1ef9 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb 1.000 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh khai qu\u1eadt t\u1ea1i di ch\u1ec9 c\u1ed5 Cotzumalhuapa, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c m\u1eabu t\u1eeb b\u1ea3y chi\u1ebfc b\u00ecnh g\u1ed1m v\u00e0 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y c\u1eb7n nicotin trong ba chi\u1ebfc trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n

Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00ec n\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5 thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 trong khu v\u1ef1c. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 trong ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 suy ra vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1, nh\u01b0ng b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t \u00edt.<\/p>\n\n

S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 trong nghi l\u1ec5 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n

Thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 c\u00f3 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u00e2u d\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong nghi l\u1ec5 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb \u1edf Trung M\u1ef9. C\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1eadp t\u1ee5c ng\u00e0y nay ghi l\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 trong c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i l\u1ec5, nh\u01b0 l\u1ec5 v\u1eadt d\u00e2ng l\u00ean c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch y h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u suy \u0111o\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a nicotin t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfc b\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ng\u1ee7 s\u00e2u, nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u1ea3o gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i xu\u1ea5t th\u1ea7n b\u00f3i to\u00e1n. H\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ec9 d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c g\u00e2y m\u00ea m\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n\n

Ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 \u1edf Cotzumalhuapa<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra c\u1eb7n thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 \u1edf Cotzumalhuapa \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u1ed5 n\u00e0y. N\u1eb1m tr\u00ean b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Guatemala, Cotzumalhuapa t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qu\u00ean trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u hy v\u1ecdng r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd s\u1ebd th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 trong c\u00e1c t\u1eadp t\u1ee5c v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a Cotzumalhuapa. H\u1ecd tin r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u00eam c\u00e1c m\u1eabu kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n

B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 \u1edf Trung M\u1ef9 c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. \u0110\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1500, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp, nghi l\u1ec5 v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ti\u00eau h\u00f3a sau b\u1eefa \u0103n.<\/p>\n\n

H\u00fat thu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c l\u1ecfng c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn. Nicotin, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y nghi\u1ec7n trong thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9c khi u\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn, cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n trong c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n

\u00dd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 Trung M\u1ef9 c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 \u1edf Cotzumalhuapa \u0111\u1eb7t ra c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c t\u1eadp t\u1ee5c v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Maya c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc trong vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh \u1ea9n gi\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Trung M\u1ef9.<\/p>\n\n

B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c m\u1eabu kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 ni\u1ec1m tin, nghi l\u1ec5 v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0y. Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a phong ph\u00fa c\u1ee7a Trung M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 di s\u1ea3n l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 trong c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5 Trung M\u1ef9: Nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 m\u1edbi t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc b\u00ecnh c\u1ed5 B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 Trong m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1m…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[191],"tags":[89,88,1643,1727,8065,4952],"class_list":["post-4436","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archaeology","tag-cultural-heritage","tag-archaeology","tag-ancient-history","tag-rituals","tag-tobacco","tag-mesoamerica"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4436","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4436"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4436\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4437,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4436\/revisions\/4437"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4436"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4436"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4436"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}