{"id":4493,"date":"2022-02-02T12:02:08","date_gmt":"2022-02-02T12:02:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=4493"},"modified":"2022-02-02T12:02:08","modified_gmt":"2022-02-02T12:02:08","slug":"corporate-giants-under-scrutiny-a-history-of-congressional-hearings","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/life\/society-and-culture\/corporate-giants-under-scrutiny-a-history-of-congressional-hearings\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1c \u00f4ng l\u1edbn trong t\u1ea7m ng\u1eafm: L\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i Hoa K\u1ef3"},"content":{"rendered":"

C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 trong v\u00f2ng ki\u1ec3m tra: L\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u00e1c phi\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean<\/h2>\n\n

V\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty l\u1edbn. N\u0103m 1912, Andrew Carnegie \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t \u1ee7y ban Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng vi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u tra v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a U.S. Steel. B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p l\u1eddi khai quanh co c\u1ee7a Carnegie, c\u00e1c phi\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m d\u1ea5y l\u00ean m\u1ed1i lo ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n

M\u1ed9t n\u0103m sau, nh\u00e0 b\u0103ng n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng J.P. Morgan ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea9m v\u1ea5n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 t\u1eeb \u1ee6y ban Pujo, n\u01a1i xem x\u00e9t \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ed1 Wall \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh qu\u1ed1c gia. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 Morgan ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn m\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh vi sai tr\u00e1i, c\u00e1c phi\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ea1ch tr\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp C\u1ee5c D\u1ef1 tr\u1eef Li\u00ean bang.<\/p>\n\n

B\u1ea5t \u1ed5n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p<\/h2>\n\n

Sau v\u1ee5 th\u1ea3m s\u00e1t Ludlow n\u0103m 1914, Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh John D. Rockefeller Jr. trong tranh ch\u1ea5p lao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1i C\u00f4ng ty than v\u00e0 s\u1eaft Colorado. B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00ecnh t\u0129nh c\u1ee7a Rockefeller, c\u00e1c phi\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau b\u1eadt th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf nghi\u1ec7t ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho c\u00e1c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch lao \u0111\u1ed9ng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n\n

Th\u1ea3m k\u1ecbch Titanic v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1eabn n\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang<\/h2>\n\n

Sau v\u1ee5 ch\u00ecm t\u00e0u RMS Titanic n\u0103m 1912, Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh cu\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda n\u00e0y. Joseph Bruce Ismay, T\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a White Star Line, ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng trong th\u1ea3m k\u1ecbch. B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n kh\u1ecfi tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m, l\u1eddi khai c\u1ee7a Ismay ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m gia t\u0103ng s\u1ef1 ph\u1eabn n\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u00e0nh vi h\u00e8n nh\u00e1t c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n

Ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 l\u1eeba d\u1ed1i<\/h2>\n\n

N\u0103m 1994, b\u1ea3y gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe. \u0110\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang, c\u00e1c gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 r\u1ee7i ro v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y nghi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a nicotine. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi quanh co v\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ef1 m\u00e3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00e0ng l\u00e0m x\u00f3i m\u00f2n l\u00f2ng tin c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang v\u00e0o ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n

S\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Enron v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 im l\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh<\/h2>\n\n

N\u0103m 2002, s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a g\u00e3 kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Enron \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00e2m ng\u00f2i cho m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i v\u1ec1 gian l\u1eadn doanh nghi\u1ec7p. Kenneth Lay, c\u1ef1u gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Enron, \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ec7n d\u1eabn Tu ch\u00ednh \u00e1n th\u1ee9 n\u0103m v\u00e0 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng, g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 t\u1ee9c gi\u1eadn v\u00e0 th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngh\u1ecb s\u0129. B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 im l\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a Lay, c\u00e1c phi\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 gian l\u1eadn t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ban h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c lu\u1eadt qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb doanh nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n

T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c phi\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ea7n t\u1ea1i Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i<\/h2>\n\n

Trong su\u1ed1t chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, c\u00e1c phi\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ea7n t\u1ea1i Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c v\u1ea1ch tr\u1ea7n h\u00e0nh vi sai tr\u00e1i c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p, bu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn. C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong lu\u1eadt ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n, quy \u0111\u1ecbnh lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n\n

B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t doanh nghi\u1ec7p<\/h2>\n\n

Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c phi\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Trong khi c\u00e1c phi\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ea7n truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty ho\u1eb7c ng\u00e0nh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng kinh t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n

Ph\u1ea7n k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00e1c phi\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 minh b\u1ea1ch, tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng tin c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u tra h\u00e0nh vi sai tr\u00e1i c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p, Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i trao quy\u1ec1n cho c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 ph\u00e1p quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 trong v\u00f2ng ki\u1ec3m tra: L\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u00e1c phi\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean V\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, Qu\u1ed1c…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6738],"tags":[3060,8155,8156,8157,5535,5668],"class_list":["post-4493","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-society-and-culture","tag-economic-inequality","tag-congressional-oversight","tag-corporate-misdeeds","tag-public-trust","tag-rule-of-law","tag-corporate-accountability"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4493","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4493"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4493\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4494,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4493\/revisions\/4494"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4493"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4493"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4493"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}