{"id":4499,"date":"2020-09-22T16:45:11","date_gmt":"2020-09-22T16:45:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=4499"},"modified":"2020-09-22T16:45:11","modified_gmt":"2020-09-22T16:45:11","slug":"the-evolution-of-the-footballs-unique-shape","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/sports-science-and-kinesiology\/the-evolution-of-the-footballs-unique-shape\/","title":{"rendered":"S\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i b\u00f3ng b\u1ea7u d\u1ee5c"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">S\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i b\u00f3ng b\u1ea7u d\u1ee5c<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a &#8220;da heo&#8221;<\/h2>\n\n<p>&#8220;Da heo&#8221; mang t\u00ednh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a b\u00f3ng b\u1ea7u d\u1ee5c M\u1ef9 th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb da heo m\u00e0 t\u1eeb da b\u00f2. Bi\u1ec7t danh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb suy \u0111o\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng tr\u00e1i b\u00f3ng b\u1ea7u d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb b\u00f3ng heo.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">S\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a b\u00ed \u1ea9n c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng tr\u00e1i b\u00f3ng b\u1ea7u d\u1ee5c<\/h2>\n\n<p>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 b\u00f3ng b\u1ea7u d\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a t\u1eeb b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0 b\u00f3ng b\u1ea7u d\u1ee5c, nh\u01b0ng h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ea7u thu\u00f4n d\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i b\u00f3ng b\u1ea7u d\u1ee5c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch. Theo Henry Duffield, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u li\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1869, tr\u00e1i b\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u00e9o m\u00f3 do b\u01a1m h\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng chuy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc<\/h2>\n\n<p>Khi b\u00f3ng b\u1ea7u d\u1ee5c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c pha \u0111\u00e1 b\u00f3ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ea1y b\u00f3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a, tr\u00e1i b\u00f3ng d\u1ea7n d\u00e0i ra \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c phong c\u00e1ch ch\u01a1i kh\u00e1c nhau. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng chuy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1906 c\u00e0ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i b\u00f3ng, cho ph\u00e9p th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng chuy\u1ec1n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">S\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i b\u00f3ng b\u1ea7u d\u1ee5c trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20<\/h2>\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i b\u00f3ng b\u1ea7u d\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng chuy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i. V\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1930, tr\u00e1i b\u00f3ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u00e0i h\u01a1n v\u00e0 thon h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng chuy\u1ec1n b\u00f3ng.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">S\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a &#8220;The Duke&#8221;<\/h2>\n\n<p>N\u0103m 1941, NFL \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t tr\u00e1i b\u00f3ng b\u1ea7u d\u1ee5c ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 bi\u1ec7t danh l\u00e0 &#8220;The Duke&#8221;, theo t\u00ean Wellington Mara, ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean theo C\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edbc Wellington. C\u00e1i t\u00ean n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a NFL v\u1edbi Wilson Sporting Goods, c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t tr\u00e1i b\u00f3ng b\u1ea7u d\u1ee5c ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a NFL trong h\u01a1n 70 n\u0103m.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i b\u00f3ng b\u1ea7u d\u1ee5c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/h2>\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u NFL ng\u00e0y nay, m\u1ed9t tr\u00e1i b\u00f3ng b\u1ea7u d\u1ee5c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>B\u00f3ng h\u01a1i l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng uretan, b\u01a1m c\u0103ng \u0111\u1ebfn 12,5-13,5 pound<\/li>\n<li>V\u1ecf ngo\u00e0i b\u1eb1ng da m\u00e0u n\u00e2u r\u00e1m, v\u00e2n n\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e1m<\/li>\n<li>Chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i: 11-11,25 inch<\/li>\n<li>Chu vi d\u00e0i: 28-28,5 inch<\/li>\n<li>Chu vi ng\u1eafn: 21-21,25 inch<\/li>\n<li>Tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng: 14-15 ounce<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Wilson Sporting Goods<\/h2>\n\n<p>K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1955, m\u1ecdi tr\u00e1i b\u00f3ng b\u1ea7u d\u1ee5c NFL \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y c\u1ee7a Wilson \u1edf Ada, Ohio. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c thu\u1ed9c da b\u00ed m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a l\u1edbp da cho \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a b\u00f3ng b\u1ea7u d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i qu\u1ea3 b\u00f3ng h\u01a1i t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh t\u1eeb da heo \u0111\u1ebfn da b\u00f2<\/h2>\n\n<p>S\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i b\u00f3ng b\u1ea7u d\u1ee5c t\u1eeb da heo sang da b\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 trong v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u00f3ng h\u01a1i t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u00e0ng l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i b\u00f3ng.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt b\u00f3ng b\u1ea7u d\u1ee5c<\/h2>\n\n<p>Trong su\u1ed1t chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 lu\u1eadt b\u00f3ng b\u1ea7u d\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i b\u00f3ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, vi\u1ec7c h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c ch\u1eb7n d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eaft l\u01b0ng v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng thu\u00f4n d\u00e0i h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">T\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i b\u00f3ng b\u1ea7u d\u1ee5c<\/h2>\n\n<p>Khi b\u00f3ng b\u1ea7u d\u1ee5c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i b\u00f3ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3i qua s\u1ef1 tinh ch\u1ec9nh h\u01a1n n\u1eefa. Nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 trong v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn m\u1edbi gi\u00fap t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n, hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>S\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i b\u00f3ng b\u1ea7u d\u1ee5c Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a &#8220;da heo&#8221; &#8220;Da heo&#8221; mang t\u00ednh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a b\u00f3ng b\u1ea7u d\u1ee5c M\u1ef9 th\u1ef1c&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8175],"tags":[4027,8170,8171,8172,8173,8174,4028,1956,136],"class_list":["post-4499","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-sports-science-and-kinesiology","tag-american-football","tag-cowhide","tag-pigskin","tag-prolate-spheroid","tag-shape","tag-sports-science","tag-football-history","tag-design","tag-evolution"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4499","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4499"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4499\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4500,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4499\/revisions\/4500"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4499"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4499"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4499"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}