{"id":4617,"date":"2019-02-12T08:52:58","date_gmt":"2019-02-12T08:52:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=4617"},"modified":"2019-02-12T08:52:58","modified_gmt":"2019-02-12T08:52:58","slug":"the-science-of-cooking-a-thanksgiving-feast","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/culinary-science\/the-science-of-cooking-a-thanksgiving-feast\/","title":{"rendered":"Khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1eb1ng sau b\u1eefa ti\u1ec7c L\u1ec5 T\u1ea1 \u01a1n th\u1ecbnh so\u1ea1n"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Khoa h\u1ecdc n\u1ea5u m\u1ed9t b\u1eefa ti\u1ec7c L\u1ec5 T\u1ea1 \u01a1n<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ng\u00e2m g\u00e0 t\u00e2y trong n\u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ecdng n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ed1i \u0111a<\/h2>\n\n<p>Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c, n\u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1i ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p mu\u1ed1i v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. Khi g\u00e0 t\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00e2m trong n\u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1i, c\u1ea3 mu\u1ed1i v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec1u di chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb v\u00f9ng c\u00f3 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 cao (n\u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1i) \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f9ng c\u00f3 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p (th\u1ecbt g\u00e0 t\u00e2y) th\u00f4ng qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n v\u00e0 th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a g\u00e0 t\u00e2y n\u00e0y l\u00e0m t\u0103ng th\u00eam \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ecdng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a g\u00e0. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00e1c protein trong th\u1ecbt g\u00e0 t\u00e2y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ion natri v\u00e0 clorua t\u1eeb mu\u1ed1i. S\u1ef1 t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c protein gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 th\u00eam, ngay c\u1ea3 sau khi n\u1ea5u, gi\u00fap th\u1ecbt m\u1ec1m h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n<p>C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c n\u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb t\u1eeb c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia t\u1ea1i Cook&#8217;s Illustrated nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi g\u00e0 t\u00e2y n\u1eb7ng t\u1eeb 12-17 pound: 2 gallon n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1nh, 1 c\u1ed1c mu\u1ed1i \u0103n (th\u1eddi gian ng\u00e2m: 6-12 gi\u1edd)<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi g\u00e0 t\u00e2y n\u1eb7ng t\u1eeb 18-24 pound: 3 gallon n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1nh, 1 1\/2 c\u1ed1c mu\u1ed1i \u0103n (th\u1eddi gian ng\u00e2m: 6-12 gi\u1edd)<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u1ee9c g\u00e0 t\u00e2y c\u00f3 x\u01b0\u01a1ng: 1 gallon n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1nh, 1\/2 c\u1ed1c mu\u1ed1i \u0103n (th\u1eddi gian ng\u00e2m: 3-6 gi\u1edd)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">N\u1ea5u \u0111\u1eadu xanh: B\u00ed quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00f2n v\u00e0 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc<\/h2>\n\n<p>N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch \u0111\u1eadu xanh nh\u0169n, b\u00ed quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t \u0111\u1eadu xanh v\u1eeba gi\u00f2n v\u1eeba m\u1ec1m n\u1eb1m \u1edf k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ch\u1ea7n, sau \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ed1c l\u1ea1nh b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n<p>Ngay khi \u0111\u1eadu xanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3 v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f4i, m\u00e0u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u1eadm h\u01a1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 do kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed b\u1ecb k\u1eb9t b\u00ean trong c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang n\u1edf ra v\u00e0 tho\u00e1t ra ngo\u00e0i, khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh t\u1ebf b\u00e0o x\u00edch l\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n nhau h\u01a1n v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra m\u00f4 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt trong su\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u00e0u xanh l\u1ee5c t\u01b0\u01a1i s\u00e1ng h\u01a1n. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao c\u0169ng l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u1eadu m\u1ec1m h\u01a1n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 polyme pectin t\u1ea1o n\u00ean c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac cho th\u00e0nh t\u1ebf b\u00e0o, cho ph\u00e9p n\u01b0\u1edbc tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o.<\/p>\n\n<p>Theo c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c, th\u1eddi gian lu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eadu xanh t\u1ed1i \u01b0u l\u00e0 t\u1eeb ba \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m ph\u00fat. V\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eadu m\u1ec1m nh\u0169n. Ngo\u00e0i ra, lu\u1ed9c qu\u00e1 l\u00e2u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho m\u00e0u c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eadu x\u1ec9n \u0111i v\u00ec c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed di\u1ec7p l\u1ee5c m\u1ea5t \u0111i c\u00e1c ion magi\u00ea. \u0110\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y, h\u00e3y ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1eadu v\u00e0o b\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e1 sau khi lu\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Khoai t\u00e2y nghi\u1ec1n: B\u00ed quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01a1i x\u1ed1p<\/h2>\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 khoai t\u00e2y nghi\u1ec1n t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t, h\u00e3y ch\u1ecdn khoai t\u00e2y russet v\u00ec ch\u00fang c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tinh b\u1ed9t cao. Khi n\u1ea5u ch\u00edn, c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t tinh b\u1ed9t trong khoai t\u00e2y s\u1ebd h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 n\u1edf ra \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ch\u1ee9a ch\u00fang v\u1ee1 ra v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t b\u00ean trong. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i khoai t\u00e2y d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng v\u1ee1 v\u1ee5n khi n\u1ea5u ch\u00edn, r\u1ea5t l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u1ec1n. Khoai t\u00e2y russet c\u0169ng ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e2n t\u1eed tinh b\u1ed9t amylose h\u01a1n, ch\u00fang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng mi\u1ebfng b\u1ecdt bi\u1ec3n h\u00fat ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng, h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n n\u1eefa khi th\u00eam c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u1eeb s\u1eefa.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nh\u00e2n b\u00e1nh x\u00f4 th\u01a1m ngon: Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u1ea3o m\u1ed9c b\u1ed5 d\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/h2>\n\n<p>X\u00f4 th\u01a1m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i th\u1ea3o m\u1ed9c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong nh\u00e2n b\u00e1nh L\u1ec5 T\u1ea1 \u01a1n v\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eddi gian n\u1ea5u l\u00e2u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5t \u0111i h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb. X\u00f4 th\u01a1m, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi h\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ea3o, oregano,\u767e\u91cc\u9999 v\u00e0 kinh gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u1ea3o m\u1ed9c b\u1ed5 d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea1o h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u1ea5u.<\/p>\n\n<p>Trong m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c so s\u00e1nh gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u1ea3o m\u1ed9c t\u01b0\u01a1i v\u00e0 th\u1ea3o m\u1ed9c kh\u00f4 do c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ebfp th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u1ea3o m\u1ed9c t\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n trong 24 tr\u00ean 25 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n b\u00e1nh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd l\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u1ea3o m\u1ed9c kh\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4 \u0111\u1eb7c h\u01a1n, v\u00ec v\u1eady n\u1ebfu c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u d\u00f9ng x\u00f4 th\u01a1m kh\u00f4, h\u00e3y t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p b\u1ed1n l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea3o m\u1ed9c t\u01b0\u01a1i.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u1ecf b\u00e1nh n\u01b0\u1edbng ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o: C\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00f2n v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac<\/h2>\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ecf b\u00e1nh n\u01b0\u1edbng ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng tinh t\u1ebf gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00f2n v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00f2n \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb ch\u1ea5t b\u00e9o, trong khi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p b\u1edfi c\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i protein d\u00e0i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 gluten, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh khi b\u1ed9t m\u00ec k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc. Qu\u00e1 \u00edt gluten v\u00e0 b\u1ed9t s\u1ebd b\u1ecb v\u1ee1 v\u1ee5n, trong khi qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra l\u1edbp v\u1ecf c\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ebfp th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m t\u1ea1i America&#8217;s Test Kitchen khuy\u00ean b\u1ea1n n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 r\u01b0\u1ee3u vodka thay cho n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u trong c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c. Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a r\u01b0\u1ee3u vodka kh\u00f4ng khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c protein t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac th\u00e0nh gluten. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng v\u00e0o b\u1ed9t, gi\u00fap b\u1ed9t d\u1ec5 nh\u00e0o v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 x\u1eed l\u00fd h\u01a1n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9t.<\/p>\n\n<p>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 r\u01b0\u1ee3u vodka l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u ti\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i r\u01b0\u1ee3u m\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 80 \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 r\u01b0\u1ee3u rum, r\u01b0\u1ee3u whisky ho\u1eb7c r\u01b0\u1ee3u gin. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ebfm th\u1eed kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a r\u01b0\u1ee3u trong s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Khoa h\u1ecdc n\u1ea5u m\u1ed9t b\u1eefa ti\u1ec7c L\u1ec5 T\u1ea1 \u01a1n Ng\u00e2m g\u00e0 t\u00e2y trong n\u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ecdng n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ed1i \u0111a Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c, n\u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1i ch\u1ec9&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7039],"tags":[8354,8355,8353,8352,3795,8356,8357],"class_list":["post-4617","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-culinary-science","tag-tender-green-beans","tag-fluffy-mashed-potatoes","tag-juicy-turkey","tag-cooking-science","tag-thanksgiving","tag-flavorful-stuffing","tag-perfect-pie-crust"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4617","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4617"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4617\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4618,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4617\/revisions\/4618"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4617"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4617"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4617"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}