{"id":465,"date":"2021-10-22T10:09:35","date_gmt":"2021-10-22T10:09:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=465"},"modified":"2021-10-22T10:09:35","modified_gmt":"2021-10-22T10:09:35","slug":"bird-watching-from-killing-to-conservation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/zoology\/bird-watching-from-killing-to-conservation\/","title":{"rendered":"Quan s\u00e1t chim: h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u1eeb gi\u1ebft ch\u00f3c \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n"},"content":{"rendered":"

Quan s\u00e1t chim: H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u1eeb gi\u1ebft ch\u00f3c \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n<\/h2>\n\n

S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng quan s\u00e1t chim<\/h2>\n\n

\u0110\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, s\u1ef1 tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi lo\u00e0i chim \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ebft ch\u00f3c v\u00f4 c\u1ea3m sang quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt hoang d\u00e3. Nh\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3u c\u1ea7m h\u1ecdc Edmund Selous \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t trong s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y. Sau khi quan s\u00e1t m\u1ed9t c\u1eb7p c\u00fa mu\u1ed7i ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, Selous nh\u1eadn ra v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i chim trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. L\u1ea5y c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i b\u00e1o c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 vi\u1ec7c quan s\u00e1t chim thay v\u00ec gi\u1ebft ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n\n

Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng quan s\u00e1t chim<\/h2>\n\n

Khoa h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng quan s\u00e1t chim. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3u c\u1ea7m h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1eabu chim \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u1eabu v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1ebft chim v\u00ec m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u suy gi\u1ea3m. Ph\u00e1t minh ra \u1ed1ng nh\u00f2m gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t chim t\u1eeb xa, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111i\u1ec3u c\u1ea7m h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n

Quan s\u00e1t chim nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t tr\u00f2 ti\u00eau khi\u1ec3n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/h2>\n\n

Khi th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u, quan s\u00e1t chim ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn. Cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch “Watching Birds” c\u1ee7a James Fisher \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m n\u00e0y, nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia s\u1edf th\u00edch n\u00e0y. Trong Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn II, quan s\u00e1t chim \u0111\u00e3 mang \u0111\u1ebfn cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i khu\u00e2y c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft gi\u00fap h\u1ecd qu\u00ean \u0111i n\u1ed7i kinh ho\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn tranh.<\/p>\n\n

S\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng nh\u00e1nh ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng quan s\u00e1t chim<\/h2>\n\n

Sau chi\u1ebfn tranh, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ng\u1eafm chim \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh hai nh\u00e1nh ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t: ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng quan s\u00e1t chim c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch, t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n, v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng quan s\u00e1t chim v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng, xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb mong mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t v\u00e0 t\u1eadn h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i chim. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n chia n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau th\u00edch lo\u00e0i chim.<\/p>\n\n

T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng quan s\u00e1t chim<\/h2>\n\n

Ban \u0111\u1ea7u, quan s\u00e1t chim ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 th\u00fa vui c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u c\u00f3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn h\u01a1n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c m\u1ecdi t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp. V\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970 v\u00e0 1980, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan s\u00e1t chim \u0111\u1ec1u xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n t\u1eeb t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 trung l\u01b0u. Ng\u00e0y nay, h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u00edch quan s\u00e1t chim, khi\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n

Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng quan s\u00e1t chim<\/h2>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng quan s\u00e1t chim. C\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 eBird v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n theo d\u00f5i di c\u01b0 nh\u01b0 ICARUS \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c quan s\u00e1t chim, mang l\u1ea1i m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch cho c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y v\u00e0 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 sinh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i chim.<\/p>\n\n

B\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng quan s\u00e1t chim<\/h2>\n\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111am m\u00ea lo\u00e0i chim \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lo\u00e0i chim tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u1ea1i \u0111ang gi\u1ea3m do m\u1ea5t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan s\u00e1t chim c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m gia t\u0103ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan s\u00e1t chim \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c theo d\u00f5i qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 chim, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda v\u00e0 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n\n

T\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng quan s\u00e1t chim<\/h2>\n\n

Quan s\u00e1t chim v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn m\u1edbi. Khi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 lo\u00e0i chim v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc, ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i chim trong h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i. Quan s\u00e1t chim kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1edf th\u00edch b\u1ed5 \u00edch m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1eafc l\u1ef1c cho c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n, gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 c\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta cho c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 mai sau.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Quan s\u00e1t chim: H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u1eeb gi\u1ebft ch\u00f3c \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng quan s\u00e1t chim \u0110\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[280],"tags":[401,584,254,783,252],"class_list":["post-465","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-zoology","tag-conservation","tag-ornithology","tag-wildlife","tag-birdwatching","tag-nature"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/465","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=465"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/465\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":466,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/465\/revisions\/466"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=465"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=465"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=465"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}