{"id":4666,"date":"2024-11-12T04:47:47","date_gmt":"2024-11-12T04:47:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=4666"},"modified":"2024-11-12T04:47:47","modified_gmt":"2024-11-12T04:47:47","slug":"presidential-pardons-a-history-of-executive-clemency","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/life\/politics-and-law\/presidential-pardons-a-history-of-executive-clemency\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u00e2n x\u00e1 c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng: Quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00c2n x\u00e1 c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng: L\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u00e2n x\u00e1 c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/h2>\n\n<p>C\u00e1c T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Hoa K\u1ef3 n\u1eafm gi\u1eef quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n \u00e2n x\u00e1 t\u1ed9i li\u00ean bang. Quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong su\u1ed1t chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00f3a s\u1ed5 ti\u1ec1n \u00e1n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 thu\u1ed9c m\u1ecdi t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u01b0 Richard Nixon v\u00e0 Patty Hearst.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00c2n x\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tranh c\u00e3i<\/h2>\n\n<p>M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u1ee5 \u00e2n x\u00e1 g\u00e2y tranh c\u00e3i s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 do T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Andrew Jackson ban h\u00e0nh cho George Wilson, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb k\u1ebft t\u1ed9i c\u01b0\u1edbp th\u01b0 v\u00e0 b\u1ecb k\u1ebft \u00e1n t\u1eed h\u00ecnh. Wilson \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i s\u1ef1 \u00e2n x\u00e1, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a \u00e1n T\u1ed1i cao r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ec7nh \u00e2n x\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn.<\/p>\n\n<p>M\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 \u00e2n x\u00e1 \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd kh\u00e1c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn Daniel Drayton v\u00e0 Edward Sayres, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb k\u1ebft t\u1ed9i h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 ch\u1ea1y tr\u1ed1n tr\u00ean con t\u00e0u &#8220;Pearl&#8221;. T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Millard Fillmore \u0111\u00e3 \u00e2n x\u00e1 cho h\u1ecd sau khi h\u1ecd th\u1ee5 \u00e1n b\u1ed1n n\u0103m.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00c2n x\u00e1 trong N\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn<\/h2>\n\n<p>Trong N\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn, T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng James Buchanan \u0111\u00e3 \u00e2n x\u00e1 cho Brigham Young v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Mormon kh\u00e1c v\u00ec vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong &#8220;Cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn Mormon&#8221; \u1edf Utah. T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Andrew Johnson sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ban h\u00e0nh l\u1ec7nh \u00e2n x\u00e1 chung cho Jefferson Davis v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quan ch\u1ee9c Li\u00ean minh mi\u1ec1n Nam kh\u00e1c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, Davis \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i h\u1ed1i l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1978, T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Jimmy Carter m\u1edbi \u00e2n x\u00e1 sau khi Davis qua \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00c2n x\u00e1 trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20<\/h2>\n\n<p>T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Gerald Ford \u0111\u00e3 \u00e2n x\u00e1 cho Iva Toguri D&#8217;Aquino, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb k\u1ebft t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea3n qu\u1ed1c v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3ng vai &#8220;Tokyo Rose&#8221; trong Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 II. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p duy nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb k\u1ebft t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea3n qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e2n x\u00e1 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n\n<p>T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Ronald Reagan \u0111\u00e3 \u00e2n x\u00e1 cho George Steinbrenner, ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ed9i b\u00f3ng ch\u00e0y New York Yankees, v\u00ec li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p cho chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch t\u00e1i tranh c\u1eed c\u1ee7a Nixon. V\u1ee5 \u00e2n x\u00e1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00c2n x\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i<\/h2>\n\n<p>N\u0103m 2001, T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng George W. Bush \u0111\u00e3 \u00e2n x\u00e1 cho Isaac Toussie v\u00ec t\u1ed9i gian l\u1eadn th\u01b0 t\u00edn v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd gi\u1ea3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, l\u1ec7nh \u00e2n x\u00e1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb thu h\u1ed3i m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y sau \u0111\u00f3 khi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng cha c\u1ee7a Toussie \u0111\u00e3 quy\u00ean g\u00f3p ti\u1ec1n cho \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a.<\/p>\n\n<p>T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Bill Clinton \u0111\u00e3 \u00e2n x\u00e1 cho Patty Hearst v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec7m. Hearst \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb k\u1ebft t\u1ed9i c\u01b0\u1edbp ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng sau khi b\u1ecb Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng Symbionese b\u1eaft c\u00f3c.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Th\u1ea3m s\u00e1t My Lai v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng<\/h2>\n\n<p>M\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 l\u1ec7nh \u00e2n x\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban h\u00e0nh l\u00e0 v\u1ee5 th\u1ea3m s\u00e1t My Lai trong Chi\u1ebfn tranh Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Trung \u00fay William Calley \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb k\u1ebft t\u1ed9i gi\u1ebft th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2n, nh\u01b0ng T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Nixon \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u00e2n x\u00e1 cho \u00f4ng ta. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 can thi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p Calley th\u1ee5 \u00e1n t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i qu\u1ea3n th\u00fac t\u1ea1i gia.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00dd ngh\u0129a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/h2>\n\n<p>\u00c2n x\u00e1 c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Hoa K\u1ef3. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>X\u00f3a b\u1ecf ti\u1ec1n \u00e1n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea1m sai l\u1ea7m<\/li>\n<li>Th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft v\u00e0 h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i sau th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 xung \u0111\u1ed9t<\/li>\n<li>Gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u01b0 ph\u00e1p h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Quy\u1ec1n \u00e2n x\u00e1 c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00e2y tranh c\u00e3i, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong su\u1ed1t chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00c2n x\u00e1 c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng: L\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u00e2n x\u00e1 c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00e1c T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Hoa K\u1ef3 n\u1eafm gi\u1eef quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n \u00e2n x\u00e1 t\u1ed9i li\u00ean bang. Quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":24849,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8433],"tags":[8431,8432,19,8430],"class_list":["post-4666","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-politics-and-law","tag-executive-clemency","tag-justice-reform","tag-american-history","tag-presidential-pardons"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4666","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4666"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4666\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24850,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4666\/revisions\/24850"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/24849"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4666"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4666"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4666"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}