{"id":4722,"date":"2020-11-22T21:00:17","date_gmt":"2020-11-22T21:00:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=4722"},"modified":"2020-11-22T21:00:17","modified_gmt":"2020-11-22T21:00:17","slug":"oldest-traces-of-life-on-earth-discovered-in-3-95-billion-year-old-graphite","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/earth-science\/oldest-traces-of-life-on-earth-discovered-in-3-95-billion-year-old-graphite\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0110\u00e1 phi\u1ebfn 3,95 t\u1ef7 n\u0103m: Manh m\u1ed1i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t<\/h2>\n\n

\u0110\u00e1 phi\u1ebfn 3,95 t\u1ef7 n\u0103m tu\u1ed5i h\u00e9 l\u1ed9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng vi sinh v\u1eadt s\u01a1 khai<\/h2>\n\n

Trong m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 mang t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a nh\u1ea5t t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. Nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00e1 phi\u1ebfn c\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c l\u00e0 3,95 t\u1ef7 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n ngay sau khi h\u00e0nh tinh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n\n

\u0110\u00e1 phi\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u sinh h\u1ecdc<\/h3>\n\n

Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 c\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i 3,95 t\u1ef7 n\u0103m t\u1eeb d\u00e3y n\u00fai Torngat \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u1eafc Labrador, Canada. C\u00e1c tinh th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1 phi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 cho th\u1ea5y ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u1eeb ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a vi sinh v\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n

Trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed carbon t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi hai d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb b\u1ec1n: carbon-12 v\u00e0 carbon-13. C\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng \u01b0u ti\u00ean carbon-12 v\u00ec n\u00f3 d\u1ec5 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n v\u00e0o m\u00f4 s\u1ed1ng. Khi nh\u1eefng sinh v\u1eadt n\u00e0y ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y, ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u1eb7n carbon \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m gi\u00e0u carbon-12.<\/p>\n\n

C\u00e1c tinh th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1 phi\u1ebfn t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf d\u00e3y n\u00fai Torngat bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 l\u00e0m gi\u00e0u carbon-12 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng n\u00e0y, cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a vi sinh v\u1eadt c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n

B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3<\/h3>\n\n

Ngo\u00e0i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t \u0111\u00e1 phi\u1ebfn c\u0169ng \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 cho l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c sinh h\u1ecdc. C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed carbon d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nung n\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1 xung quanh, cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o sau \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n

H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 quan s\u00e1t th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng s\u01a1 khai, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a vi sinh v\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n

\u00dd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng s\u01a1 khai<\/h3>\n\n

Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea9y l\u00f9i m\u1ed1c th\u1eddi gian xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng th\u00eam 150 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m, cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n s\u1edbm h\u01a1n ch\u00fang ta ngh\u0129 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ni\u1ec1m tin l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t qu\u00e1 n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y n\u01a1i tr\u00fa \u1ea9n trong c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 th\u00f4ng h\u01a1i nhi\u1ec7t d\u1ecbch ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n

Tranh c\u00e3i v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u00e2u h\u01a1n<\/h3>\n\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 khoa h\u1ecdc l\u1edbn n\u00e0o, kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra tranh c\u00e3i. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u00f4 c\u01a1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u00e1 phi\u1ebfn gi\u00e0u carbon-12 v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u00eam b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c sinh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng lo ng\u1ea1i n\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh th\u00eam c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. H\u1ecd d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ec3m tra th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1 phi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00f3, v\u1edbi hy v\u1ecdng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 th\u00eam nh\u1eefng manh m\u1ed1i v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n

Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai<\/h3>\n\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai s\u1ebd t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1 phi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t li\u00ean quan. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 nit\u01a1, l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh v\u00e0 s\u1eaft, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u hy v\u1ecdng s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh trao \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra n\u00e0y h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n s\u1ebd l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf th\u00eam v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a s\u1edbm c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t \u0110\u00e1 phi\u1ebfn 3,95 t\u1ef7 n\u0103m tu\u1ed5i h\u00e9 l\u1ed9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng vi sinh v\u1eadt s\u01a1 khai Trong m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1m…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[212],"tags":[137,5722,207,1865,4482,6510,1216],"class_list":["post-4722","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-earth-science","tag-paleontology","tag-ancient-life","tag-geology","tag-scientific-breakthrough","tag-science-discovery","tag-origin-of-life","tag-astrobiology"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4722","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4722"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4722\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4723,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4722\/revisions\/4723"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4722"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4722"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4722"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}