{"id":477,"date":"2024-10-17T05:16:27","date_gmt":"2024-10-17T05:16:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=477"},"modified":"2024-10-17T05:16:27","modified_gmt":"2024-10-17T05:16:27","slug":"underground-lakes-on-mars-remnants-of-an-ancient-ocean","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/astronomy\/underground-lakes-on-mars-remnants-of-an-ancient-ocean\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1c h\u1ed3 ng\u1ea7m tr\u00ean sao H\u1ecfa: t\u00e0n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i?"},"content":{"rendered":"

C\u00e1c h\u1ed3 ng\u1ea7m d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t sao H\u1ecfa: t\u00e0n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i<\/h2>\n\n

Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c h\u1ed3 ng\u1ea7m<\/h2>\n\n

V\u00e0o n\u0103m 2018, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 mang t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1: m\u1ed9t h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea9n b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u0103ng gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a c\u1ef1c nam sao H\u1ecfa. Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m d\u1ea5y l\u00ean r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o. M\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Nature Astronomy kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 th\u00eam s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ba h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n n\u1eefa \u1edf g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n

Nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o radar chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u trong khu v\u1ef1c, b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam 100 \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi v\u00e0o 29 \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. C\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ebd n\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 b\u1ed1n h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eb1m s\u00e2u m\u1ed9t d\u1eb7m d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t sao H\u1ecfa. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta tin r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ch\u1ee9a mu\u1ed1i v\u00e0 tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch, cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang v\u1eabn \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u1ecfng ngay c\u1ea3 trong nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ea1nh gi\u00e1 \u1edf c\u1ef1c nam sao H\u1ecfa.<\/p>\n\n

\u00dd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a sao H\u1ecfa<\/h2>\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra c\u00e1c h\u1ed3 ng\u1ea7m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a to l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a sao H\u1ecfa. S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea1i c\u1ef1c nam cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 t\u00e0n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh tinh n\u00e0y. C\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh x\u00f3i m\u00f2n tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t sao H\u1ecfa ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng ch\u1ea3y t\u1ef1 do tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp h\u00e0nh tinh. C\u00e1c quan s\u00e1t t\u1eeb t\u00e0u th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m Curiosity c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 cho gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng sao H\u1ecfa \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao ph\u1ee7 b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n\n

Khi kh\u00ed h\u1eadu sao H\u1ecfa tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng th\u0103ng hoa, b\u1ed1c h\u01a1i t\u1eeb b\u0103ng th\u00e0nh h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tan ch\u1ea3y. H\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd di chuy\u1ec3n trong kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5 \u1edf hai c\u1ef1c, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ch\u1ecfm b\u0103ng kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3. N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ecba nhi\u1ec7t s\u1ebd l\u00e0m tan ch\u1ea3y ph\u1ea7n d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ecfm b\u0103ng n\u00e0y, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng v\u0129nh c\u1eedu. N\u1ebfu n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1eb7n, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong c\u00e1c h\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan s\u00e1t th\u1ea5y ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n\n

\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng sinh s\u1ed1ng<\/h2>\n\n

N\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 m\u1eb7n \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u1ecfng \u1edf c\u1ef1c nam sao H\u1ecfa, n\u01a1i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng t\u1edbi \u00e2m 195 \u0111\u1ed9 F. Mu\u1ed1i v\u00e0 tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch ng\u0103n n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf s\u1ef1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh k\u1ebft tinh.<\/p>\n\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i mu\u1ed1i t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean sao H\u1ecfa, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 perchlorat, kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Lo\u1ea1i n\u1ea5m m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t trong n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 t\u1edbi 23% natri perchlorat, trong khi vi khu\u1ea9n c\u1ee9ng c\u00e1p nh\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch 12%. \u0110\u1ec3 n\u01b0\u1edbc duy tr\u00ec tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u1ecfng \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a sao H\u1ecfa, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i mu\u1ed1i kh\u00e1c, calci perchlorat, \u0111\u1ed9c h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c vi khu\u1ea9n tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n

Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7n \u1ea9n d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u1edbp b\u0103ng Nam C\u1ef1c, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng. John Priscu, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Montana State, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1eb1ng: “Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng trong c\u00e1c h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7n n\u00e0y \u1edf Nam C\u1ef1c”. “Ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00e2m chua. V\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi [sao H\u1ecfa]”.<\/p>\n\n

K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 tranh c\u00e3i<\/h2>\n\n

Nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Radar ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a Sao H\u1ecfa \u0111\u1ec3 th\u0103m d\u00f2 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 t\u1ea7ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ly (MARSIS) \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra c\u00e1c h\u1ed3 ng\u1ea7m. MARSIS b\u1eafn s\u00f3ng v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn v\u00e0o b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t sao H\u1ecfa, ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i khi g\u1eb7p nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh tinh. Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c m\u1eabu ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 cho th\u1ea5y b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 s\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 v\u00e0o.<\/p>\n\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ho\u00e0i nghi v\u1ec1 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c m\u1ea3ng ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho l\u1edbp tuy\u1ebft nh\u00e3o ho\u1eb7c b\u00f9n ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u1ecfng. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c quan s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a MARSIS v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o t\u1eeb c\u00e1c t\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n

Khai ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai<\/h2>\n\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Thi\u00ean V\u1ea5n-1 d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn s\u1ebd bay quanh sao H\u1ecfa v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 2 n\u0103m 2021. S\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c quan s\u00e1t v\u00e0 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ed3 ng\u1ea7m.<\/p>\n\n

Ali Bramson, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh tinh t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Purdue, cho bi\u1ebft: “T\u00f4i tin r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn cho ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn”. “Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 dung d\u1ecbch mu\u1ed1i si\u00eau l\u1ea1nh, nh\u00e3o v\u00e0 k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u1edf \u0111\u00e1y l\u1edbp b\u0103ng c\u1ef1c, th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c r\u1ea5t tuy\u1ec7t”.<\/p>\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra c\u00e1c h\u1ed3 ng\u1ea7m tr\u00ean sao H\u1ecfa \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf ra nh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u1edbng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 suy \u0111o\u00e1n khoa h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi. Nh\u1eefng h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng manh m\u1ed1i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh tinh v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 ho\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i tr\u00ean sao H\u1ecfa. C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 khai ph\u00e1 s\u00e2u h\u01a1n s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 nh\u1eefng b\u00ed \u1ea9n xung quanh c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn n\u00e0y.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

C\u00e1c h\u1ed3 ng\u1ea7m d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t sao H\u1ecfa: t\u00e0n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c h\u1ed3 ng\u1ea7m V\u00e0o n\u0103m 2018, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":24631,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[437],"tags":[434,811,1216,1214,1215],"class_list":["post-477","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-astronomy","tag-space-exploration","tag-mars","tag-astrobiology","tag-underground-lakes","tag-water-on-mars"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/477","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=477"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/477\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24632,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/477\/revisions\/24632"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/24631"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=477"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=477"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=477"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}