{"id":4815,"date":"2023-06-14T01:41:42","date_gmt":"2023-06-14T01:41:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=4815"},"modified":"2023-06-14T01:41:42","modified_gmt":"2023-06-14T01:41:42","slug":"vampire-bats-genetic-adaptations-blood-diet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/zoology\/vampire-bats-genetic-adaptations-blood-diet\/","title":{"rendered":"D\u01a1i ma c\u00e0 r\u1ed3ng: Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh nh\u1edd m\u00e1u v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch nghi di truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">D\u01a1i ma c\u00e0 r\u1ed3ng: Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh nh\u1edd m\u00e1u v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch nghi di truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o<\/h2>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Gene v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n m\u00e1u<\/h3>\n\n<p>D\u01a1i ma c\u00e0 r\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt c\u00f3 v\u00fa duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n m\u00e1u, m\u1ed9t k\u1ef3 t\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 nh\u1edd v\u00e0o b\u1ed9 m\u00e3 di truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 13 gen b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf d\u01a1i ma c\u00e0 r\u1ed3ng so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i d\u01a1i kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u1ecb gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 ti\u00eau h\u00f3a<\/h3>\n\n<p>Ba trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng gen b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng l\u00e0 th\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u1ecb gi\u00e1c, cho ph\u00e9p d\u01a1i ma c\u00e0 r\u1ed3ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa v\u1ecb ng\u1ecdt v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eafng. S\u1ef1 th\u00edch nghi n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t v\u00ec m\u00e1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb n\u00e0y. M\u1ed9t gen kh\u00e1c b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a d\u1ea1 d\u00e0y d\u01a1i ma c\u00e0 r\u1ed3ng. D\u1ea1 d\u00e0y h\u00ecnh \u1ed1ng h\u00ecnh n\u00f3n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3 b\u00f3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ea9y n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eeba ra kh\u1ecfi m\u00e1u \u0111\u00e3 ti\u00eau th\u1ee5. S\u1ef1 th\u00edch nghi n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p lo\u00e0i d\u01a1i ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau h\u00f3a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng r\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ecdc t\u1eeb m\u00e1u.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0110i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng trong m\u00e1u v\u00e0 s\u1eaft<\/h3>\n\n<p>Hai gen m\u00e0 d\u01a1i ma c\u00e0 r\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng trong m\u00e1u. V\u00ec ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n m\u00e1u ch\u1ee9a \u00edt carbohydrate n\u00ean nh\u1eefng gen n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft n\u1eefa. Ngo\u00e0i ra, d\u01a1i ma c\u00e0 r\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t gen c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 REP15, c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng gi\u00fap \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1eaft trong m\u00e1u. Khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gen n\u00e0y, s\u1eaft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0i ti\u1ebft hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n, gi\u00fap b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 lo\u00e0i d\u01a1i kh\u1ecfi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1eaft cao trong ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/h3>\n\n<p>S\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t \u0111i c\u1ee7a gen CYP39A1 \u1edf d\u01a1i ma c\u00e0 r\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Gen n\u00e0y c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn 24S-hydroxycholesterol, m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u00e0 gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 tr\u00ed nh\u1edb. S\u1ef1 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1ea1i sao d\u01a1i ma c\u00e0 r\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng minh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i cao h\u01a1n c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i d\u01a1i kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Chia s\u1ebb th\u1ee9c \u0103n l\u1eabn nhau<\/h3>\n\n<p>D\u01a1i ma c\u00e0 r\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt r\u1ea5t h\u00f2a \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang trong ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n ngh\u00e8o dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng. Ch\u00fang s\u1ebd n\u00f4n ra m\u00e1u v\u00e0o mi\u1ec7ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng con d\u01a1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e0n \u0111ang \u0111\u00f3i v\u00e0 lo\u00e0i d\u01a1i n\u00e0y nh\u1edb nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9. Vi\u1ec7c chia s\u1ebb th\u1ee9c \u0103n l\u1eabn nhau n\u00e0y gi\u00fap lo\u00e0i d\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n u\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">T\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/h3>\n\n<p>Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 di truy\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a d\u01a1i ma c\u00e0 r\u1ed3ng cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t. Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch nghi di truy\u1ec1n cho ph\u00e9p d\u01a1i ma c\u00e0 r\u1ed3ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh nh\u1edd m\u00e1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ngo\u00e0i ra, h\u00e0nh vi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a d\u01a1i ma c\u00e0 r\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea7y th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a \u0111u\u00f4i d\u00e0i b\u1ed5 sung:<\/h3>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>D\u01a1i ma c\u00e0 r\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb con m\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/li>\n<li>Nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n m\u00e1u c\u1ee7a d\u01a1i ma c\u00e0 r\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/li>\n<li>D\u01a1i ma c\u00e0 r\u1ed3ng tr\u00e1nh b\u1ecb con m\u1ed3i ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o?<\/li>\n<li>L\u1ecbch s\u1eed ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh vi h\u00fat m\u00e1u c\u1ee7a d\u01a1i ma c\u00e0 r\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/li>\n<li>C\u00f3 lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>D\u01a1i ma c\u00e0 r\u1ed3ng: Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh nh\u1edd m\u00e1u v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch nghi di truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o Gene v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n m\u00e1u D\u01a1i ma c\u00e0 r\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[280],"tags":[8655,8656,8233,81,8654],"class_list":["post-4815","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-zoology","tag-blood-diet","tag-genetic-adaptations","tag-evolutionary-biology","tag-animal-physiology","tag-vampire-bats"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4815","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4815"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4815\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4816,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4815\/revisions\/4816"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4815"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4815"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4815"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}