{"id":4891,"date":"2025-11-10T23:22:14","date_gmt":"2025-11-10T23:22:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=4891"},"modified":"2025-11-10T23:22:14","modified_gmt":"2025-11-10T23:22:14","slug":"scientists-guide-lightning-bolts-with-lasers-for-the-first-time","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/physics\/scientists-guide-lightning-bolts-with-lasers-for-the-first-time\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng trong ch\u1ed1ng s\u00e9t: L\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean laser d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tia s\u00e9t th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng!"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tia s\u00e9t b\u1eb1ng laser<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh<\/h2>\n\n<p>S\u00e9t \u0111\u00e1nh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 nguy hi\u1ec3m. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh, ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u0111e d\u1ecda t\u00ednh m\u1ea1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u1ed9t thu l\u00f4i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Benjamin Franklin ph\u00e1t minh v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u00e9t \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch thu h\u00fat c\u00e1c tia s\u00e9t v\u00e0 d\u1eabn ch\u00fang xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u1ed9t thu l\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 s\u00e2n bay v\u00e0 b\u1ec7 ph\u00f3ng.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Laser: M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u00e9t<\/h2>\n\n<p>C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng laser \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho s\u00e9t t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960. Laser l\u00e0 ch\u00f9m \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng t\u1eadp trung cao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 ion h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn kh\u00ed c\u00f3 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn s\u00e9t.<\/p>\n\n<p>Trong m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng tia s\u00e9t b\u1eb1ng laser l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean n\u00fai S\u00e4ntis \u1edf \u0111\u00f4ng b\u1eafc Th\u1ee5y S\u0129, n\u01a1i m\u1ed9t tia laser \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eafn nhanh ch\u00f3ng l\u00ean b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi. Laser d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho s\u00e9t kho\u1ea3ng 50 m\u00e9t, cung c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng laser \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbn kh\u1ecfi s\u00e9t \u0111\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00e1ch laser d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho s\u00e9t<\/h2>\n\n<p>Laser d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho s\u00e9t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn kh\u00ed c\u00f3 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n. Khi m\u1ed9t ch\u00f9m tia laser \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eafn l\u00ean b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 ion h\u00f3a c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed xung quanh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t k\u00eanh plasma, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n. Tia s\u00e9t sau \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecb h\u00fat v\u00e0o k\u00eanh plasma v\u00e0 \u0111i theo n\u00f3 xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a laser so v\u1edbi c\u1ed9t thu l\u00f4i<\/h2>\n\n<p>Laser cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf so v\u1edbi c\u1ed9t thu l\u00f4i truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, laser c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi c\u1ed9t thu l\u00f4i. M\u1ed9t ch\u00f9m tia laser duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng cao h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t thanh v\u1eadt l\u00fd, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c l\u1edbn h\u01a1n tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t. Th\u1ee9 hai, laser c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c t\u1eaft b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 l\u00fac n\u00e0o, cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u1edbi c\u1ed9t thu l\u00f4i, v\u1ed1n lu\u00f4n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai<\/h2>\n\n<p>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 vi\u1ec7c d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng tia s\u00e9t b\u1eb1ng laser l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 l\u1edbn, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi laser c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. M\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 laser c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho s\u00e9t \u1edf kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch xa h\u01a1n. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c k\u00eanh s\u00e9t d\u00e0i h\u00e0ng km, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng laser hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho s\u00e9t kho\u1ea3ng 50 m\u00e9t. M\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng laser. Laser \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 h\u01a1n 2 t\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f4 la v\u00e0 d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i h\u00f3a trong \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t th\u1eadp k\u1ef7.<\/p>\n\n<p>B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y, vi\u1ec7c d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng tia s\u00e9t b\u1eb1ng laser l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea7y h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n. Laser c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch m\u1edbi v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u00e9t \u0111\u00e1nh, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 s\u00e2n bay v\u00e0 b\u1ec7 ph\u00f3ng.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Th\u00f4ng tin th\u00eam<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>S\u00e9t \u0111\u00e1nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng t\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f4 la m\u1ed7i n\u0103m.<\/li>\n<li>S\u00e9t \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft g\u1ea7n 450 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2006 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2021.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng laser \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho s\u00e9t \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 xung cao h\u01a1n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng.<\/li>\n<li>Laser \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eafn v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 kho\u1ea3ng 1.000 l\u1ea7n m\u1ed7i gi\u00e2y.<\/li>\n<li>Laser d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho s\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t thanh tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t th\u00e1p vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng Th\u1ee5y S\u0129 b\u1ecb s\u00e9t \u0111\u00e1nh kho\u1ea3ng 100 l\u1ea7n m\u1ed7i n\u0103m.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc tin r\u1eb1ng laser cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbn kh\u1ecfi s\u00e9t \u0111\u00e1nh, nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u00eam.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tia s\u00e9t b\u1eb1ng laser B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh S\u00e9t \u0111\u00e1nh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 nguy hi\u1ec3m. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":25090,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[965],"tags":[497,37,97,8757,99,1346],"class_list":["post-4891","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-physics","tag-technology","tag-innovation","tag-science","tag-lasers","tag-lifescienceart","tag-lightning"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4891","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4891"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4891\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":25091,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4891\/revisions\/25091"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/25090"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4891"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4891"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4891"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}