Dung nham, m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t v\u1eeba m\u00ea ho\u1eb7c v\u1eeba nguy hi\u1ec3m, \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebfn r\u0169 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111am m\u00ea thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o v\u00e0 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t r\u1ef1c l\u1eeda c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u00f4i khi nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c nh\u1ea5t l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bs\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh th\u00f4 s\u01a1 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp. M\u1ed9t video g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y ghi l\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh m\u1ed9t “v\u00f2i r\u1ed3ng c\u1ee9u h\u1ecfa” dung nham phun tr\u00e0o t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t v\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1 Hawaii, mang \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn ngo\u1ea1n m\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 k\u1ef3 quan \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n
D\u00f2ng dung nham \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t v\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1 K\u012blauea \u1edf Hawaii, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 dung nham c\u1ee7a n\u00fai l\u1eeda v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m ngo\u00e1i. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd, dung nham phun qua m\u1ed9t \u1ed1ng m\u1edbi l\u1ed9 ra, b\u1eafn v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng khi \u0111\u1ebfn r\u00eca v\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1, lao xu\u1ed1ng 70 feet v\u00e0o v\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n
V\u1ee5 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 dung nham v\u00e0o \u0111\u00eam giao th\u1eeba \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp Hawaii, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 sau khi C\u1ee5c C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh khu v\u1ef1c 22 m\u1eabu Anh n\u00e0y l\u00e0m khu v\u1ef1c ng\u1eafm c\u1ea3nh. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c quan ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 theo d\u00f5i ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y v\u00ec m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb \u0110\u00e0i quan s\u00e1t n\u00fai l\u1eeda Hawaii c\u1ee7a USGS, m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9, g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m v\u00e0o khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t l\u1ed9 ra do v\u1ee5 s\u1eadp. Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t foot v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 31 th\u00e1ng 1 \u0111\u1ebfn 2,5 feet trong cu\u1ed9c th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng nghi\u1ebfn r\u00edt \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u1ea1i v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a v\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1 l\u00e0 l\u1eddi nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 l\u00fac n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n\n
Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, d\u00f2ng dung nham kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng lao xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng, l\u00e0m say \u0111\u1eafm nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bv\u00e0 b\u1eafn tung t\u00f3e nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0 th\u1ee7y tinh v\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed khi va ch\u1ea1m v\u1edbi v\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u. H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o v\u1ec1 d\u00f2ng dung nham, cho th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00ean t\u1edbi 428 \u0111\u1ed9 F. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u1edbp tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch dung nham \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n
M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bv\u00f2i r\u1ed3ng c\u1ee9u h\u1ecfa dung nham b\u1eb1ng x\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1eb1ng th\u1ecbt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00f3 qu\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng kh\u1ea3 thi. May m\u1eafn thay, nh\u1eefng video YouTube h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn tho\u00e1ng qua v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng phi th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y. C\u00e1c d\u00f2ng dung nham l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a v\u1ee5 phun tr\u00e0o \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra c\u1ee7a ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai l\u1eeda K\u012blauea huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0 USGS \u0111\u00e3 l\u01b0u \u00fd tr\u00ean trang web v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p v\u1ebb ngo\u00e0i c\u00f3 v\u1ebb hi\u1ec1n h\u00f2a, K\u012blauea \u1ea9n ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t nguy hi\u1ec3m h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0 National Geographic \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a tin v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2009. Tuy nhi\u00ean, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bc\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eafm m\u00ecnh trong c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngo\u1ea1n m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea7y kinh s\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1o hoa thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda n\u1ed5 n\u00e0o s\u1eafp x\u1ea3y ra.<\/p>\n\n
\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ai may m\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bv\u00f2i r\u1ed3ng c\u1ee9u h\u1ecfa dung nham b\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh m\u1eaft, C\u1ee5c C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c ng\u1eafm c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n. Du kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n theo h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3m l\u00e2m vi\u00ean. B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a v\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi kh\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a dung nham \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
S\u1ef1 phun tr\u00e0o dung nham “v\u00f2i r\u1ed3ng c\u1ee9u h\u1ecfa” ngo\u1ea1n m\u1ee5c t\u1ea1i K\u012blauea Tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n ph\u00e1o hoa t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean Dung nham, m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t v\u1eeba m\u00ea ho\u1eb7c v\u1eeba nguy hi\u1ec3m, \u0111\u00e3…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1268],"tags":[1266,1267,97,99,1264,6,1265,252],"class_list":["post-497","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-geology","tag-eruption","tag-hawaii","tag-science","tag-lifescienceart","tag-lava","tag-photography","tag-volcano","tag-nature"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/497","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=497"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/497\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":498,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/497\/revisions\/498"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=497"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=497"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=497"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}