{"id":580,"date":"2023-07-30T11:49:52","date_gmt":"2023-07-30T11:49:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=580"},"modified":"2023-07-30T11:49:52","modified_gmt":"2023-07-30T11:49:52","slug":"concrete-shorelines-vs-living-shorelines-a-sustainable-approach-to-coastal-protection","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/environmental-science\/concrete-shorelines-vs-living-shorelines-a-sustainable-approach-to-coastal-protection\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n b\u00ea t\u00f4ng: Con dao hai l\u01b0\u1ee1i b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n b\u00ea t\u00f4ng: Con dao hai l\u01b0\u1ee1i \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n<\/h2>\n\n

Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n b\u00ea t\u00f4ng<\/h2>\n\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n b\u00ea t\u00f4ng, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n c\u1ee9ng”, l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c ven bi\u1ec3n kh\u1ecfi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng x\u00f3i m\u00f2n v\u00e0 thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i do b\u00e3o g\u00e2y ra. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng b\u00ea t\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u1ee9ng kh\u00e1c, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n v\u1eadt l\u00fd gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n, ng\u0103n kh\u00f4ng cho s\u00f3ng bi\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u00e0 x\u00f3i m\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n\n

T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n b\u00ea t\u00f4ng<\/h2>\n\n

T\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3, c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 14% \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao ph\u1ee7 b\u1edfi b\u00ea t\u00f4ng. Con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn s\u1ebd t\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 t\u1edbi, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c ven bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u01b0 nh\u01b0 Boston, San Francisco v\u00e0 Florida.<\/p>\n\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n b\u00ea t\u00f4ng gi\u00fap b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n kh\u1ecfi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng x\u00f3i m\u00f2n, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. C\u00e1c b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00ea t\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 s\u00f3ng bi\u1ec3n tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u00e0 l\u00e0m tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng th\u00eam t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng x\u00f3i m\u00f2n \u1edf c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c l\u00e2n c\u1eadn. Ch\u00fang c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc ven bi\u1ec3n, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u01b0 tr\u00fa quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i sinh v\u1eadt bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec7m t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i b\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean: M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng h\u01a1n<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n \u0111ang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 “\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean” nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p thay th\u1ebf b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng h\u01a1n cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh b\u00ea t\u00f4ng. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u1ea7m l\u1ea7y, \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u1ea7m l\u1ea7y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac th\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean nh\u01b0 v\u1ecf h\u00e0u ho\u1eb7c th\u1ea3m th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m x\u00f3i m\u00f2n, l\u1ecdc ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng cho nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i sinh v\u1eadt bi\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n\n

B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n kh\u1ecfi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng x\u00f3i m\u00f2n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh b\u00ea t\u00f4ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, t\u1ea1i B\u1eafc Carolina, m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng 76% c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1eafn (t\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1eafn b\u00ea t\u00f4ng) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng, trong khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan s\u00e1t th\u1ea5y tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u1ea7m l\u1ea7y.<\/p>\n\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u01a1n b\u00e3o v\u00e0 c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft c\u1ef1c \u0111oan kh\u00e1c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong c\u01a1n b\u00e3o Sandy, c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1eafn b\u00ea t\u00f4ng \u1edf New Jersey \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, trong khi c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u1edf c\u00f9ng khu v\u1ef1c v\u1eabn nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n.<\/p>\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/h2>\n\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111ang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec3u bang, bao g\u1ed3m New Jersey v\u00e0 B\u1eafc Carolina, \u0111\u00e3 th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1edf h\u1eefu b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n ven bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb c\u0169ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng chuy\u1ec3n sang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p linh ho\u1ea1t cho nhi\u1ec1u khu v\u1ef1c ven bi\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n\n

Ph\u1ea7n k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n b\u00ea t\u00f4ng v\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c ven bi\u1ec3n, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111ang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean mang \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p thay th\u1ebf b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n, gi\u00fap b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n kh\u1ecfi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng x\u00f3i m\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. Khi c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ven bi\u1ec3n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c do m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n d\u00e2ng v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n b\u00ea t\u00f4ng: Con dao hai l\u01b0\u1ee1i \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n b\u00ea t\u00f4ng \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n b\u00ea t\u00f4ng, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[38],"tags":[1298,1449,1450,1451,120,1452],"class_list":["post-580","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-environmental-science","tag-marine-conservation","tag-coastal-protection","tag-erosion-control","tag-living-shorelines","tag-sustainability","tag-shoreline-management"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/580","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=580"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/580\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":581,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/580\/revisions\/581"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=580"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=580"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=580"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}