{"id":5981,"date":"2024-08-24T18:52:03","date_gmt":"2024-08-24T18:52:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=5981"},"modified":"2024-08-24T18:52:03","modified_gmt":"2024-08-24T18:52:03","slug":"growing-and-caring-for-hazelnut-trees","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/agriculture\/growing-and-caring-for-hazelnut-trees\/","title":{"rendered":"K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt tr\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c c\u00e2y ph\u1ec9 cho n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t cao"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tr\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c c\u00e2y ph\u1ec9<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/h2>\n\n<p>C\u00e2y ph\u1ec9 (Corylus avellana), c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u1ea1t ph\u1ec9, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y b\u1ee5i ho\u1eb7c c\u00e2y th\u00e2n g\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn, cho ra lo\u1ea1i h\u1ea1t th\u01a1m ngon. Ngo\u00e0i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c, h\u1ea1t ph\u1ec9 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng v\u00ec v\u1ebb ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb9p m\u1eaft.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tr\u1ed3ng<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u1ed3ng:<\/strong> Tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y ph\u1ec9 v\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 c\u00e2y ng\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4ng, t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u1ed3ng:<\/strong> Ch\u1ecdn v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 8 gi\u1edd n\u1eafng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y. \u0110\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i m\u00e0u m\u1ee1, tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 h\u01a1i chua (pH 6,3-6,8).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch, \u0110\u1ed9 s\u00e2u v\u00e0 Gi\u00e0n \u0111\u1ee1:<\/strong> Tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y c\u00e1ch nhau t\u1eeb 15 \u0111\u1ebfn 18 feet. \u0110\u00e0o m\u1ed9t h\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ee7 r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 s\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a b\u1ed9 r\u1ec5 h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef J. \u0110\u1ed5 m\u1ed9t \u00edt \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0o h\u1ed1 v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3i c\u00e1c r\u1ec5 ra. Ph\u1ee7 r\u1ec5 tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng b\u1eb1ng 2 \u0111\u1ebfn 3 inch \u0111\u1ea5t. N\u00e9n \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eadt k\u1ef9.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ch\u0103m s\u00f3c<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u00c1nh s\u00e1ng:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t hoa v\u00e0 h\u1ea1t, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2y ph\u1ec9 \u1edf n\u01a1i c\u00f3 \u00e1nh n\u1eafng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi chi\u1ebfu v\u00e0o h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c ng\u00e0y trong ng\u00e0y. Ch\u00fang s\u1ebd ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00f3ng r\u00e2m m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n, nh\u01b0ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t ra hoa s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1ea5t:<\/strong> C\u00e2y ph\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang th\u00edch \u0111\u1ea5t th\u1ecbt pha c\u00e1t, tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ed1t. Tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea5t ch\u1eb7t, \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1.<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc:<\/strong> T\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc cho c\u00e2y ph\u1ec9 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 kh\u00f4 h\u1ea1n. C\u00e2y tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh c\u1ea7n kho\u1ea3ng 10 gallon n\u01b0\u1edbc cho m\u1ed7i inch \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh th\u00e2n c\u00e2y m\u1ed7i tu\u1ea7n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed9 \u1ea9m:<\/strong> C\u00e2y ph\u1ec9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ed1t \u1edf v\u00f9ng \u00f4n \u0111\u1edbi (khu USDA 4-8). Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i l\u1ea1nh, n\u00f3ng ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m cao kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t, h\u00e3y b\u00f3n ph\u00e2n cho c\u00e2y ph\u1ec9 v\u00e0o m\u00f9a thu b\u1eb1ng ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n h\u1eefu c\u01a1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ch\u1eadm d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e2y \u0103n qu\u1ea3. Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ghi tr\u00ean nh\u00e3n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c b\u00f3n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Th\u1ee5 ph\u1ea5n<\/h2>\n\n<p>N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y ph\u1ec9 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y h\u1ea1t, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n \u00edt nh\u1ea5t hai gi\u1ed1ng Corylus avellana kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ee5 ph\u1ea5n ch\u00e9o. C\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn bao g\u1ed3m &#8216;Jefferson&#8217;, &#8216;McDonald&#8217;, &#8216;PollyO&#8217;, &#8216;Wepster&#8217; v\u00e0 &#8216;Yamhill&#8217;. C\u00e1c danh m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a v\u01b0\u1eddn \u01b0\u01a1m th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 ra gi\u1ed1ng n\u00e0o th\u1ee5 ph\u1ea5n t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi nhau.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Thu ho\u1ea1ch<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>H\u1ea1t ch\u00edn:<\/strong> Khi ch\u00edn, h\u1ea1t ph\u1ec9 r\u1ee5ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean trong kho\u1ea3ng v\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Thu h\u00e1i h\u1ea1t:<\/strong> Thu h\u00e1i h\u1ea1t th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt hoang d\u00e3 v\u1ed3 l\u1ea5y h\u1ebft. Ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m b\u1ea1t ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea5m v\u1ea3i c\u0169 d\u01b0\u1edbi g\u1ed1c c\u00e2y ph\u1ec9 v\u00e0 nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng l\u1eafc c\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1t r\u01a1i ra.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tr\u1ed3ng trong ch\u1eadu<\/h2>\n\n<p>Do c\u00f3 b\u1ed9 r\u1ec5 r\u1ed9ng n\u00ean c\u00e2y ph\u1ec9 kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ed3ng ch\u1eadu.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u1eaft t\u1ec9a<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Ch\u1ed3i:<\/strong> C\u1eaft b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed3i m\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e2y ph\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec1u m\u1ecdc ra. C\u1eaft b\u1ecf b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ch\u1ed3i n\u00e0o c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf c\u00e1c nh\u00e1nh ch\u00ednh.<\/li>\n<li><strong>C\u00e0nh b\u00ean:<\/strong> Tr\u00e1nh c\u1eaft b\u1ecf c\u00e1c c\u00e0nh b\u00ean che th\u00e2n c\u00e2y kh\u1ecfi \u00e1nh n\u1eafng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi. C\u1eaft t\u1ec9a qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn c\u00e2y m\u1ecdc ch\u1ed3i nhi\u1ec1u.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nh\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng<\/h2>\n\n<p>C\u00e2y ph\u1ec9 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u00e2m c\u00e0nh ho\u1eb7c gh\u00e9p, c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia trong v\u01b0\u1eddn \u01b0\u01a1m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y t\u1eeb h\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tr\u00fa \u0111\u00f4ng<\/h2>\n\n<p>C\u00e2y ph\u1ec9 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t qua m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng l\u1ea1nh gi\u00e1 nh\u01b0 v\u00f9ng 4. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00fang n\u1edf hoa s\u1edbm h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e2y ph\u1ec9 ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9, v\u00ec v\u1eady ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb h\u01b0 h\u1ea1i do th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea7u xu\u00e2n l\u1ea1nh b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng. Ch\u1ecdn nh\u1eefng gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e2y ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1 r\u00e9t \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">S\u00e2u b\u1ec7nh th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>B\u1ec7nh t\u1ea1c l\u00e1 ph\u1ec9 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng (EFB):<\/strong> N\u1ea5m n\u00e0y g\u00e2y ra b\u1ec7nh lo\u00e9t v\u00e0 gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft c\u00e2y trong v\u00f2ng v\u00e0i n\u0103m. Ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lai t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1ng b\u1ec7nh.<\/li>\n<li><strong>S\u00e2u b\u1ec7nh:<\/strong> C\u00e1c lo\u00e0i g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e2y ph\u1ec9 bao g\u1ed3m r\u1ec7p v\u1ea3y v\u00e0 b\u1ecd c\u00e1nh c\u1ee9ng Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>C\u00e2y ph\u1ec9 m\u1ea5t bao l\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 ra qu\u1ea3?<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>M\u1ea5t kho\u1ea3ng b\u1ed1n n\u0103m \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ee3t thu ho\u1ea1ch nh\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb n\u0103m th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mong \u0111\u1ee3i n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t cao h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/li>\n<li><strong>B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 tr\u1ed3ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y ph\u1ec9?<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u00e0m c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y ph\u1ec9, th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7. \u0110\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u1ea1t, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n hai ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ed1ng th\u1ee5 ph\u1ea5n ch\u00e9o v\u1edbi nhau.<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/li>\n<li><strong>C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i h\u1ea1t ph\u1ec9 kh\u00f4ng?<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i h\u1ea1t ph\u1ec9. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u1ea1t \u1edf B\u1eafc M\u1ef9 l\u00e0 c\u00e2y ph\u1ec9 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, c\u00e2y ph\u1ec9 M\u1ef9 (Corylus americana) v\u00e0 c\u00e2y ph\u1ec9 m\u1ecf (Corylus cornuta).<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tr\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c c\u00e2y ph\u1ec9 Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u C\u00e2y ph\u1ec9 (Corylus avellana), c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u1ea1t ph\u1ec9, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y b\u1ee5i ho\u1eb7c c\u00e2y th\u00e2n g\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn, cho&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":24131,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1196],"tags":[9177,10347,8848,10348],"class_list":["post-5981","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-agriculture","tag-tree-care","tag-hazelnut-tree","tag-gardening","tag-nut-production"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5981","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5981"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5981\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24132,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5981\/revisions\/24132"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/24131"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5981"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5981"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5981"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}