{"id":676,"date":"2024-05-20T16:48:34","date_gmt":"2024-05-20T16:48:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=676"},"modified":"2024-05-20T16:48:34","modified_gmt":"2024-05-20T16:48:34","slug":"oldest-highest-stone-age-shelter-peru","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/archaeology\/oldest-highest-stone-age-shelter-peru\/","title":{"rendered":"N\u01a1i tr\u00fa \u1ea9n th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e1 \u1edf Peru: Khu \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 cao nh\u1ea5t"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">N\u01a1i tr\u00fa \u1ea9n th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e1 \u1edf Peru: Khu \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 cao nh\u1ea5t<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/h2>\n\n<p>Tr\u00ean cao \u1edf ph\u00eda nam d\u00e3y n\u00fai Andes c\u1ee7a Peru, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i tr\u00fa \u1ea9n c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a t\u1eeb th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e1, n\u01a1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vinh danh l\u00e0 khu \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 cao nh\u1ea5t t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n. N\u1eb1m \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao g\u1ea7n 14.700 feet, \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m phi th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y h\u00e9 l\u1ed9 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch nghi v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 c\u01b0 tr\u00fa c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/h2>\n\n<p>Nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111en k\u1ecbt v\u00ec mu\u1ed9i than v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c tranh tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 trang tr\u00ed tr\u00ean t\u01b0\u1eddng n\u01a1i tr\u00fa \u1ea9n minh ch\u1ee9ng cho s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m. C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c khai qu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 kho b\u00e1u g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt, bao g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1ed3 g\u1ed1m, h\u1ea1t x\u01b0\u01a1ng, tinh th\u1ec3 th\u1ea1ch anh, x\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt v\u00e0 t\u00e0n t\u00edch than c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y b\u1ee5i g\u1ed7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m l\u1eeda.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">M\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e1 Obsidian v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5<\/h2>\n\n<p>M\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e1 obsidian g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i th\u1ee7y tinh n\u00fai l\u1eeda \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng v\u00ec c\u00f3 c\u1ea1nh s\u1eafc nh\u01b0 dao, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 thu h\u00fat ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra m\u1ed9t x\u01b0\u1edfng ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi g\u1ea7n n\u01a1i tr\u00fa \u1ea9n, n\u01a1i c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 260 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 r\u00ecu c\u1ea7m tay v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u gi\u00e1o, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 12.800 n\u0103m.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u00edch nghi c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/h2>\n\n<p>\u1ede \u0111\u1ed9 cao nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eb7t ra nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed. Kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed lo\u00e3ng cung c\u1ea5p \u00edt h\u01a1n 60% l\u01b0\u1ee3ng oxy c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n \u1edf m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n, bu\u1ed9c h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec1u calo h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. C\u1ea3nh quan kh\u00f4 c\u1eb1n g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1t l\u1eeda, bu\u1ed9c h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh t\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u01b0 tr\u00fa quanh n\u0103m v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh<\/h2>\n\n<p>Nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc Sonia Zarrillo tin r\u1eb1ng n\u01a1i tr\u00fa \u1ea9n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh s\u1ed1ng quanh n\u0103m ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1i s\u0103n b\u1eafn t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi. S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c nhau cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 sinh s\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t x\u01b0\u01a1ng, tinh th\u1ec3 th\u1ea1ch anh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">T\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/h2>\n\n<p>Nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u00ednh Kurt Rademaker \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990. Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 l\u00e0m t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e1 obsidian tr\u00ean b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n Peru, c\u00e1ch xa b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ngu\u1ed3n n\u00fai l\u1eeda n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft, \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn \u00f4ng suy \u0111o\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed h\u1eb3n \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i di chuy\u1ec3n l\u00ean v\u00f9ng cao nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 n\u00e0y. \u0110\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Rademaker cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c Pucuncho.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00dd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/h2>\n\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra n\u01a1i tr\u00fa \u1ea9n th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e1 n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch nghi v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed. N\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng minh kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng sinh t\u1ed3n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng di chuy\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng ch\u1eb7ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu. \u0110\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y c\u0169ng l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 s\u1edbm \u1edf Nam M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh di c\u01b0 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Chi ti\u1ebft b\u1ed5 sung<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>N\u01a1i tr\u00fa \u1ea9n c\u00f3 hai h\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u1edf.<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y n\u1eb1m \u1edf l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c Pucuncho, m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng kh\u00f4 c\u1eb1n v\u1edbi \u00edt th\u1ea3m th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt.<\/li>\n<li>M\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e1 obsidian c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec1u d\u1eb7m so v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1 n\u00fai l\u1eeda g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t, cho th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 di chuy\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y.<\/li>\n<li>Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1 obsidian trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng th\u00edch nghi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea7y th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>N\u01a1i tr\u00fa \u1ea9n th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e1 \u1edf Peru: Khu \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 cao nh\u1ea5t Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a Tr\u00ean cao \u1edf ph\u00eda nam&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":23476,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[191],"tags":[1645,88,1643,1646,1644,1647,1642,487],"class_list":["post-676","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-archaeology","tag-andes-mountains","tag-archaeology","tag-ancient-history","tag-obsidian","tag-peru","tag-adaptation","tag-stone-age","tag-human-evolution"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/676","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=676"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/676\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":677,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/676\/revisions\/677"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23476"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=676"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=676"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=676"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}